g 2 6 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



pins " (Cralcr^ns coccinea), "framboises" (Rubits strigosus), "petits fruits bleuz " (Vaccinium Cana- 

 dciise) " et rouges " ( V. vitis-Idaa), " grozelles semblables aux notres mais elles deviennent rouges " 

 {Grossularia hirtella), " ces autres grozelles rondelettes que nous appellions guedres " {Viburnum 

 ofiulus), "pois en quatite sur les rives de mer " {Laihyrus maritimus). — Returning to France "in 

 1607," Lescarbot iv. 3 again visited Port Royal, and remained there three years. 



" In this year" (Spreng., and Winckler), Adrian Spigelius publishing his Isag. in rem herb. — 

 He died "in 1626." 



As early as this year (Spreng.), Augerius Clutius after traversing Spain crossing to Morocco. 

 — He returned '• in 1607," and his work was published in " 1634." 



" 1607 A. D." (Humb. cosm. ii.), Halley's comet making its appearance. 



" Apr. 26th " (Purchas, Smyth, Churchill coll., Holmes, and archaeol. Amer. iv.), under a charter 

 from king James, arrival of Christopher Newport with three ships in " the bay of Chesapeac." Sail- 

 ing up the Powhatan river, men were landed "May 14th" on the North side; who proceeded to cut 

 down the trees, to the alarm of the natives, and named the place "James Town." An aristocratic 

 form of administration prepared by the home government, was established ; and under Edward 

 Maria Wingfield as president, the first permanent English settlement on the American continent 

 inaugurated 



Ascending the river to the head of tide-water, Newport (relatyon, archaeolog Amer. iv. 42) on 

 " May 22 Fryday " was offered baskets of " dryed oysters " (Ostrea Virginicd) ; also, " wheate " {Zea 

 mays), "beanes" {Phaseolus vulgaris.), "and mulberyes " {Rubus), "sodd together;" and on "May 

 23 Satturday," a " wiroans," who " satt upon a matt of reeds with his people about him," gave " a deare 

 roasted," caused " his weomen to make cakes," and also gave " his crowne, which was of deare's 

 hayre dyed redd." While "banquetting with them, seeing their dauncs, and taking tobacco,'' the great 

 chief Powatah arrived : when '• they all rose from their matts, save " the wiroans Arahatec, " separated 

 themselves aparte in fashion of a guard, and with a long shout they saluted him." Continuing up the 

 river to the residence of Powatah, on a high hill with "a playne betweene it and the water, twelve 

 score over, wheron he sowes his wheate, beane, peaze " {Phaseolus vulgaris var.), " tobacco, pompions, 

 gowrds" (Lagenaria), "flaxe" (Linum Virginianuin), "etc.," Newport was hospitably received, but 

 was not permitted to proceed inland beyond the Falls. He learned however that the " caquassun " or 

 copper " was gott in the bites of rocks, and betweene cliffs in certayne vaynes " (clearly therefore from 

 Lake Superior) ; and found it flexible enough to bend "a peece of the thicknes of a shilling rounde 

 about" the finger (native copper being as is well known toucher than smelted copper). " May 25," 

 returning down the river, he was shown the herb "wisacan, which they say heales poysoned wounds " 

 (. . . ), and which "is like lyverwort or bloudwort ; " also, "a roote wherewith they poisen their 

 arrowes" ( . . .). "They would shew us any thing we demaunded ; and laboured very much, by 

 signes, to make us understand their languadg." The natives are further described: as living " com- 

 only by the water-side, in litle cottages made of canes and reeds covered with the barke of trees ; " 

 some "fortie or fif tie in a hatto or small village, which townes are not past a myle or half a myle asun- 

 der in most places ; " the women doing " all the labour," while " the men hunt and goe at plesure." 

 They ' goe all naked, save their privityes, yet in coole weather they weare deare-skinns with the hayre 

 on, loose : some have leather stockings up to their twists, and sandalls on their feet." Their "feight 

 is alway in the wood, with 1 ow and arrowes and a short wodden sword." They " steale anything 

 comes neare them ; " and " having once conveyed, they hold it an injury to take the same from them." 

 " They sacrifice tobacco to the sunn, f.iyre picture, or a harmefull thing, as a swoord or peece ; also, they 

 strincle some into the water in the morning before they wash. They have many wives; to whome, as 

 neare as I could perceive, they keep constant. The great king Powatah had most wives. These they 

 abide not to be toucht before their face." The country is described as naturally yielding "vines 

 aboundance," "respesses" {Rubus strigosus ?), " scarretts " {Archemora rigniaf), " the roote called 

 Sigilla christi" (Polygonatum), "and many other unknovvne ; " also " apothecary-druggs of diverse 

 sorts, some knowne to be of good estimacon, some strange, of whose vertue the salvages report 

 wonders." 



" May 26th " (relatyon Newp. p. 54), first attack by the natives on the colonists at James Town ; 

 the assailants numbering "above two hundred." Hostile demonstrations by smaller parties were 

 made at intervals during the ensuing months. "Dec. 10th " (Wingfield in archaeol. Amer. iv. 92), 

 John Smith ascending the Chechohomynies river, was "taken prysoner, and by the means of his 

 guide, his leif was saved : " after some days he was brought "to the great Powaton," who had already 

 proffered friendship, and who, — "Jan. 8th," sent him home. The chief's daughter Pocahontas at 

 this time a child (Deane in note) ; she is not mentioned in the early accounts of the transaction. 



"July 30th" (Strachey, Hakl. soc. 1849. and Purchas), George Popham and Raleigh Gilbert with 

 two ships on their way to the Sachadehoc (Kennebec) arriving in sight of land. "Aug. 1st," a party 

 landing "on a galland island" in "44j°" found "gooseberries" {Grossularia cynosbati), "strawber- 



