OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 927 



ries" {Fragaria Virginiana), "raspices" (Rubus strigosus), "hurts" {Vaccinium), "and all the island 

 full of huge high trees of divers sorts." Sailing thence " so-west, for soe the coast lieth," on the 

 " 17th " the two captains entered the Sachadehoc, and on the " 18th " made " choise of a place for their 

 plantacion, at the mouth or entry of the ryver on the west side." While the fort was building, Gilbert 

 on the " 28th " sailed in the shallop Westward as far as a headland in " 43^°," the trees growing thereon 

 being "most oake " (Quercus rubra) "and walnutt" (Juglans cinered), the islands on the way "all 

 overgrowne with woods, as oak, walnutt, pine, spruse trees, hasell nutts, sarsaparilla, and hurts in 

 abundaunce." After an unsuccessful attempt to find the Penobscot, had a sight "Sept. 15th in the 

 morning, of a biasing starr in the nor-east of them." On the " 25th," at the head of navigation on 

 the Sachadehoc, were "great store of grapes, both redd and white " (Vitis cordifolia and V. labrusea, 

 unripe), "good hopps" (Ostrya Virginicaf), "as also chiballs and garlike" {Allium schoenoprasum 

 and A. Canadense), "certaine codds in which they supposed the cotton wooll to grow" (Asclepias 

 Cornuti), and among other trees "pineaple" (Pi/ins rainosa ?). The ensuing winter proved " ex- 

 treame unseasonable and frosty," but the colonists " fully finished the fort," built "fifty howses therein, 

 besides a church and a storehowse," also a "pynnace of about some thirty tonne, which they called 

 the Virginia," obtained many kinds of furs "from the Indians by way of trade," and gathered "good 

 store of sarsaparilla '' {Ara/ia nudicaulis and A. hispida *) : but " noe mynes " were discovered, Capt. 

 Popham died, — and a ship with supplies arriving in the spring brought news of a legacy to Capt. Gil- 

 bert requiring his presence in England, when the colonists unwilling to remain behind all embarked 

 for home. 



"Before the middle of August" (Purchas iii. 464, and Asher edit. Huds. p. cxci), by Henry 

 Hudson on his First voyage, an island discovered in " 71° N." near the Greenland coast, and named 

 Hudson's Tutches — (now called Jan Mayen). 



" 1608, J-une 26th " (narrat., edit. Asher). Hudson on his Second voyage arriving on the coast of 

 Nova Zembla in " 72 25' N. : " parties landing at different times found "a crosse standing on the 

 shoare, much driftwood, and signes of fires," also "a herd of white deere " (Cervus rangiferiiius), 

 " footings of many great beares, of deere, and foxes," grass " of the last yeere and young grasse came 

 up amongst it a shaftman long," also "flowers and greene things that did there grow." As far as 

 examined Nova Zembla seemed "a pleasant land, much mayne high land with no snow on it, looking 

 in some places greene, and deere feeding thereon; and the hills are partly covered with snow." 



Ely mus arenarius of the seashore in Arctic and Subarctic climates. A species of ly me grass, 

 probably the tall '• grasse " seen on Nova Zembla : — E. arenarius is termed " gramen spicatum seca- 

 linum maritimum spica breviore" by Tournefort inst. 518 ; was observed by Forskal along the Sea of 

 Marmora, and by Sibthorp from the Greek islands to the Euxine ; is known to grow along the Atlantic 

 seashore from France to Ireland and Lapland (Pers., and Wats.). Westward, was received by Hooker 

 from Arctic America ; was observed by him on Iceland ; by Lapylaie, on Newfoundland ; by Kalm, as 

 far South as 48 on the Lower St. Lawrence ; by myself to 47° 30'. 



"July ;d" (N. Shaw edit. Champl. p. xxiv), having arrived at a narrow part of the St. Lawrence, 

 Champlain decided to establish his settlement on a spot called by the natives " Quebec ; " and caused 

 dwellings to be erected, and the land apportioned, cleared and sown. — On the following " 18th of 

 May," he proceeded farther up the river, and having promised the natives aid against the Iroquois, 

 arrived at Saint Croix on the " 1st of June." Entering the Iroquois river, his boat was stopped at the 

 first rapid ; but Champlain, with only two of his men willing to accompany him, kept on with the natives 

 and their canoes " July 2d." On reaching the Lake (which continues to bear his name) a battle ensued 

 at a village on its border, when Champlain with his " arquebuss loaded with four balls " killed at one 

 shot two Iroquois chiefs and wounded a third : this decided the contest in favour of his native allies, 

 who returned to the St. Lawrence with "ten or twelve prisoners." In " 1610," he accompanied the 

 Als;onqiiins asjainst the Iroquois, and stormed a fort or stockade; and hearing from his friend De 

 Monts at Paris, returned to France. 



" Summer" (Smith, Purchas, and Holmes), exploration of the Chesapeake by John Smith in an 

 open baro-e : sailing in all "about three thousand miles." At the Susquehanna river, the natives had 

 implements "of iron and brass," derived by their own account from the French of Canada. 



" In this year" (edit. Markh.), Francisco de Avila recording Peruvian legends. 



* Aralia hispida of Northeast America. Called there bristly sarsaparilla (A. Gray), and pos- 

 sibly included in the " sarsaparilla " gathered on this occasion : — the other " sarsaparilla " is described 

 by Josselyn as "having the same leaf, but is a shrub as high as a gooseberry-bush, and full of sharp 

 thorns : " A. hispida is known to grow from Newfoundland to the Saskatchewan (Hook.) ; was observed 

 by Michaux at Hudson's Bay and in Canada ; by myself, along the Atlantic as far as 42 N. beyond 

 Salem ; and by Pursh, on the Alleghanies in Pennsylvania and Virginia. 



