OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 929 



ses 

 s 



affording ocular demonstration of the truth of the so-called Copernican System. From the eclip: . 

 or occultations of these satellites, Galileo further proposed determining Longitude on the Earth 

 surface. 



"1610, February" (Humb. cosm. ii. and iy.), the crescent or the moon-like phases of Venus 

 discovered by Galileo ; — comparison with the outer planets now hastening the general adoption of 

 the Copernican System. In " November," the planet Saturn found by Galileo to be irregular in out- 

 line, like " three heavenly bodies in contact with each-other." 



" The same year " (Blair), nine hundred thousand Moors or Muslims, expelled from Spain. 



"In this year" (Starch. 42), Captain Argol, in search of the lost ship, returning from Bermuda 

 followed the American coast from "44°," discovered another goodly bay "in 39 ," and called its 

 Southern cape "in 38J " Cape Lawar. 



" May 23d " (Major edit. Strach. p. xiii), Sumers with his companions, including William Strachey, 

 in two small vessels from Bermuda arriving at James Town. The colony, after the departure of Capt. 

 John Smith, had been reduced " to only sixty " persons " in the last stage of wretchedness and famine." 

 On consultation, it was decided to abandon the country, and the colonists were on their way down the 

 river "June 6th " when they were met by news of the arrival of their governor Thomas nth Lord de 

 Lawarre, bringing supplies. In the reorganization, Strachey was appointed secretary of the governor's 

 Council : — and may have returned with the governor in the following year, was at least in England 

 "in 1612" (Major p. xv). 



The natives make cordage " of their naturall hempe, and flax together" (Apocynum cannabinum 

 and Linum Virginianum) , girdles of " silke grasse " (Eriophorui)i Virginicum f) ; " in June, July, 

 and August they feed upon rootes of tockohow " {Pachyma cocos), " berries, grownd nutts " (Apios 

 tuberosa), " fish, and greene wheate " (Zizania aquatica ?) ; have " rattles made of small gourdes " 

 {Lageiiaria vulgaris): their " bowes are of some young plant, eyther of the locust-tree" (Robinia 

 hispida) " or of weech " (Corylus Americana) : " the women sow and weed the corne," cleansing it of 

 the " orabauke " (Cusouta arvensis f), "dodder" (Cuscuta Gronovii), "and choak weed" (Polygonum 

 dumetorum /), "and such like, which ells would wynd about the corne and hinder the growth;" sow 

 also "a fruit like unto a musk million, but lesse and worse, which they call macock gourds " (Cucur- 

 bita polymorpha ) : they have " cherries, much like a damoizin, but for their tast and cullour we 

 called them cherries " (Primus Chicasa) ; "and a plomb there is, somewhat fairer then a cherrie, of 

 the same relish " (Primus Americana) ; " a berry much like our goose-berries in greatness, cullour, 

 and tast, which they call rawcomenes, and they doe eate them rawe or boyled " ( Vaccinium stami- 

 neum) ; " many hearbs in the spring time are comonly dispersed throughout the woodes, good for 

 broathes and sallotts, as violetts" (Viola pedata), "purselin" (Portulaca oleracea), "sorrell" (Ru/nex 

 acctosella), " and roses " (Rosa lucidd) : they have also " a smale roote " which they call " vighsacan" 

 (....), that bruised and applied "cureth their hurts and diseases;" "pellitoryof Spaine " (Parthe- 

 nium integrifolium) ; "in the low marishes grow plotts of onion's conteyning an acre of ground or 

 more," appearing for the most part " in the last season of the yeare," small, " not past the bignes of 

 the toppe of one's thumb," eaten by ourselves but not by the natives (Allium cermmm) ; " all the 

 country is overshadowed with trees," including "twoo or three " kinds of oak, one having bark "more 

 white then the other" and "somewhat sweetish" acorns, which being boiled "affordes a sweet oyle " 

 (Quercus alba) ; "there is also elme " (Ulmus Americana) "and ash " (Fraxinus pubescens), "black 

 walnutt" (Juglans nigra), "white poplar" (Liriodendi on tulipifera) "and another tree like unto yt, 

 that yieldeth " an " odoriferous gumme " (Liquidambar styraciflua), also a small tree like the " mir- 

 tle " but the fruit " much more bynding" (Adenorachis arbutifolia). " By the dwellings of the sal- 

 vages are bay-trees" (Gordonia lasianthtis), "wild roses" (Rosa lucida), "and a kynd of low tree, 

 which beares a cod" .... "we take yt to be locust" (Robinia hispida): " crabb trees there be, but 

 the fruiet small and bitter" (Malus angustifolia). "The country wants not salsodiack enough to 

 make "lasse of and of which we have made some stoore " (from Salicornia ambigua, and Salsola kali). 

 The country is described by Strachey as producing transported fruits and vegetables as well 

 or "better then in England, as parsenips, carrotts, turnips, pu77ipions, mellons, cowcumbers, etc., and 

 many of our English garden steAss, parsley, endiff, socory, etc. : " besides, " tobacco-seed from Trini- 

 dado, cotton wool, and potatoes?'' 



"Aug. 3d " (Asher edit. Huds., and Churchill coll.), Hudson on his Fourth voyage, now in Eng- 

 lish employ, in "6i° 20'" passing out of the strait which bears his name into the "sea to the west- 

 ward : " a party landing found " sorell" (Oxyria digyna), " and that which wee call scurvy-grass in 

 great abundance " (Cochlcaria officinalis). Turning Southward, the ship was frozen in " Nov. 10th" 



in " 52°."' The following spring, "a budde of a tree full of a turpentine substance" was brought, 



and "of this our surgeon made a decoction to drinke " (Abies nigra), a single native also made his 

 appearance : "June 21st," after the ship was released, Hudson was placed in the shallop with eight 

 others and abandoned ; he was not heard of afterwards. 



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