932 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



said to abound from Caucasus to Tartary (A. Dec.)- By European colonists, was carried to America, 

 observed by Elliot around Charleston, S. C. ; by A. Saint-Hilaire in the streets of Porto Alegre in 

 Austral America. " R. divaricatus " annual and pubescent, but regarded as probably not distinct, 

 was also observed in Italy by Tilli pi. 37 f. 2, and on Lemnos by Sibthorp. 



Stachys alpina of the mountains of middle and Southern Europe. Termed "pseudo-stachys 

 alpina'' by Bauhin prodr. 113, — and C. Bauhin pin. 236, "galeopsis alpina betonicas folio flore 

 variegato" by Tournefort inst. 185, and known to grow in mountainous situations in Germany 

 (Pers.) : observed by Celsius, and Rosen, in Sweden (Linn.) ; by Sibthorp, on the mountains of 

 the Peloponnesus. 



Najas majorat Europe. An aquatic annual described by J. Bauhin 3779— (Spreng.), and 

 Micheli n. g. pi. 8. f. 2— (Pers.) ; termed "n. marina" by Linnaeus, " n. fiuviatilis" by Lamarck; 

 observed by Allioni in Piedmont; by C. Ch. Gmelin, in the waters at Baden; and by Thuillier, near 

 Paris (Steud.). Occurs according to Kunth enum. iii. 113 on the Hawaiian Islands (A. Dec). 



Juncus ericetorum of Eastern Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Termed "foliatus 

 minimus" by J. Bauhin 2. 523 — (Spreng.); observed by Pollich in the Palatinate (Steud.), by 

 Chaubard in the Peloponnesus. 



" 1613, May 30th " (narrat., archaeol. Amer. iv. p. 2S5), arrival in Spitzbergen of Benjamin Joseph, 

 William Baffin, Robert Fotherby, and others, with seven English ships, having on board the necessary 

 outfit, and "twenty-four Basks, who are men best experienced" in "killing of the whale." Along 

 the shore "in all places of the countrye " there was "great store of driftwood, which the sea bestows 

 on the barren land" (brought from the great rivers entering the Arctic Sea, the "tree" or " peice 

 of straight timber" towed p. 291 agreeing with Northern Coniferae). "The thawe began" (Lat. 

 79 ) " about the 10th of June : " and " in the moneths of June, Julye, and the beginning of August, 

 ther is oftentimes pleasant and warme weather ; but, in the other moneths, certainh'e very uncomfort- 

 able." The land quadrupeds met with, were " white bears " (Ursits tnaritimus), " graie foxes " (Vulpes 

 Arcticus), " and great plentie of deare " (Cervus ran^iferiinis ; all three species having come of course 

 over the ice, from Greenland or from Nova Zembla). " But, by all likelihood," the country " was 

 neuer yet inhabited by anie natiues that beare the shape of man." 



"The same year" (Charlev. , and Holmes), a party of French missionaries, including two Jesuits 

 from Port Royal, landing on the island of "Monts Deserts " (East of the Penobscot), commenced a 

 settlement there: but were forcibly removed by captain Samuel Argoll, on a fishing voyage from 

 Virginia. Returning, Argoll obtained three armed vessels from the governor of Virginia; and after 

 taking formal possession of Monts Deserts, proceeded to destroy the remains of De Monts' settlement 

 on St. Croix, and the abandoned dwellings at Port Royal, where he found " not a single person." The 

 home government being all the while at peace. He also visited Manhattan, and induced the Dutch 

 colonists to submit to the governor of Virginia 



"The same \ear" (Purchas i. 4. p. 371, and Churchill coll.), "rowing betwixt Firando and 

 Fuccata " in Japan, captain John Saris found "a great town, where there lay in a dock a junck of eight 

 or ten hundred tun burden sheathed all with iron" 



As ambassador from the English Company at the court of Jedo, Saris obtained the following 

 account from a Japanese who had twice visited Yeso : the men (Ainos) "are white and well made, 

 but very rough and hairy all over their bodies : " their " arms consist of a bow and poisoned arrows : 

 those who live on the south side understand weights and measures, but thirty days journey inland 

 they know nothing about them." The Japanese on the island " have no fixed dwelling place or market 

 except Matchma" (Matsmae), where "are five hundred Japanese families who have also a fort:" to 

 this city " almost all the natives go to buy and sell, especially in the month of September to lay in their 

 winter store : in the month of March they bring salmon and all sorts of fish, together with other wares 

 which the Japanese accept in barter" (Sieb. elucid. Vries p. 101). 



"In this year" (Winckl., and Spreng.), publication of the Hortus Eystettensis (attributed to 

 Besler), enumerating Lavatera Thuringiaca aest. 6. f. 5. 1, Salvia graadiflora aest. 8. f. 1, S. odorata 

 aest. 8. f. 1. 2, 5. Syriaca aest. 8. f. 2. 3, Iris biflora vern. 8 f. 1. 4, /. xiphiuin aest. 3. f. 10. 1, Scab- 

 losa Baunatica aest. 9. f. 9. 3, S. argentea aest. 9. f. 10. 3, Ipomoea discolor aest. 13. f. 8. 2, Lysi- 

 machia quadrifolia aest. 10. f. 7. 1, Lachcnaliei pallida vern. 2. f. 17. 2, Ornithogalum pyramidale 

 vern. 5. f. 14. 2, Scilla Lusitanica vern. 2. f. 11, Cactus mclocactiis autumn. 4. f. 1. 1, Fragaria elatior 

 vern. 7. f. 8, Melissa grandiflora aest. 7. f. 7. 1, Gcianium paluslre vern. 1. f. 9, and Alalva cnspa 

 aest. 6. f. 9. 1. — Besler died "in 1629." 



Iris xiphioides of the West Mediterranean countries. Described by Besler evst. aest. 3. f. 10. 

 T i — termed "iris xiphium" by Jacquin coll. iii. 320, and known to grow in Spain and Southern France 

 (Pers., and Dietr). In Britain termed "xiphiuin latifolium " by Miller, "iris anglica" by gardeners, 

 and escaping from cultivation has maintained itself forty years upon one point of Wales (Dillw., and 

 Wats.), has also become naturalized in a locality in Scotland (G. Don, and A. Dec). 



