OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 933 



" 1614 A. D." (Stith, Josselyn, and Holmes), arrival at Manhattan of a new governor from Hol- 

 land, who refused tribute and acknowledgment to the English, assumed a posture of defence, and 

 under a grant from the States General, named the country " New Netherlands." According to Van- 

 derdonck vertoogh 27, the Dutch in this year had "traded at the Fresh river" (Connecticut), and 

 " had also ascended it." 



"The same year" (Smith, Purchas, and Holmes), by John Smith, exploration and survey of the 

 coast between the Penobscot and Cape Cod; and a map presented to prince Charles, who named 

 the country " New England." 



"In this year" (Major edit. Strach. p. xvi), Sir Thomas Gates succeeded' by Sir Thomas Dale, 

 now third governor of Virginia. 



" The same year " (Blair), logarithms, facilitating arithmetical computation, invented by John 

 Napier of Merchiston. 



" The same year" publication of the glossarium Graecobarbarum of Meursius, the earliest glos- 

 sary of the kind (E. A. Soph.). 



" 1615 A. D." (Stith, Chalmers, Holmes, and Major p. xvi), landed property first granted to the 

 colonists in Virginia: "fifty acres" to each adventurer, and his heirs. 



"June 9th" (Wilmere edit. Champl. p. xxxvii), Champlain, with two Europeans and ten natives, 

 leaving Sault St. Louis by the " Riviere des Prairies " for the Algonquin country. Thence he con- 

 tinued by land to the Lake of the Nipiserini (Nipising) in "45^°," descended a river to the great 

 Lake Attigouantan (Huron), and reached the village of Cahiague on its shore " Aug. 17th," having 

 "overtaken on the way thirteen or fourteen Frenchmen." After an unsuccessful attack on a stockade 

 as allies of the natives, Champlain returned to Cahiague' on the "23d;" — passed the winter in 

 exploring the country, and leaving on the "20th May," after "forty days journey" reached Sault St. 

 Louis. 



"In this year" (Winckler, and Spreng.), L. Jungermann publishing his Flor. Altorf, "written 

 in 1600 ; " — his Flor. Giess. " in 1623," Cat. hort. Altorf " in 1646," and died " in 1653." 



In this year (Spreng. gesch. ii. 98, and Winckl.), Lobel in Britain as court-botanist to James I., 

 enumerating Agrostis pungens ill. p. 32, and Pulmonaria maritima p. 121. — He died " in 1616," and 

 his Illustr. were published by Howe "in 1655." 



" The same year = 52d year of the cycle " (Couplet, and Pauth. 411), in China, first persecution 

 of Christians, including P. Alvarez Semedo ; by one of the principal mandarins at Nan-king, named 

 Chin-kio. Of the dispersed converts, many were openly protected by Christian mandarins : — and at 

 the end of "six years," Chin-kio was disgraced. 



" The same year" (Crawfurd vii. 11), in the Moluccas, eruption of a volcano on Banda. 



" 1616, Jan. 25th " (Harris, Churchill coll., and Holmes), by Isaac le Maier and William Corneli- 

 son Schouten, an island discovered in "almost fifty-five degrees of south latitude," and named 

 " Staten-land." Sailing through the Strait between this and Terra del Fuego, and passing islands 

 which he named " Barnevelt's," and a cape which he named " Hoorn," Schouten found himself in 

 "fifty-nine degrees twenty-five minutes" and beyond the longitude of the Straits of Magellan. He 

 now changed his course, and in "April," discovered several small islands in about fourteen or fifteen 

 decrees of South Latitude " inhabited by naked people, none of whom come aboard " (Paumotuans), 

 nor could he "come to anchor." Thence sailing West, in "May " he saw many more islands ; and 

 inclining Northward to avoid falling South of New Guinea, many more islands were met with, on 

 some of which he landed and procured refreshments. He anchored "July 1st " off the coast of New 

 Guinea; and following this, in " half a degree of south latitude" discovered the small island which 

 has received his own name "Schouten." On reaching Jacatra (Batavia), his vessel was seized; but 

 taking passage with his men in one of the Company's ships, — he reached home ; completing in " two 

 years and eighteen days" the Sixth circumnavigation of the Globe. 



"Early in this year" (Major p. xvi), Sir Thomas Dale succeeded by Sir George Yeardly, now 

 fourth governor of Virginia. Tobacco first cultivated there in this year by the English. 



"The same year" (Forster, and Holmes), passing Davis' Straits, Robert Bylot discovered 

 islands in " seventy-two degrees forty-five minutes ; " and finding women only there, named them 

 " Women's Islands." Continuing North, he discovered and named Lancaster Sound, Jones Sound, 

 cape Dudley Digges, Wolstenholme Sound, and Whale Sound in 77 deg. 30 min. William Baffin in 

 the same season ( . . Churchill coll., and Anders, ii. 268), continued North to "seventy-eight de- 

 grees" to a sound called by him "Thomas Smith's : " where the compass varied " fifty-six degrees 

 to the westward," making the true North bear " N. E. by E." — The Northern expanse of water has 

 received the name "Baffin's Bay." * 



" Oct. 25th " (inscript., in Voyag. Belg.), Australia first visited by a European ship ; commanded 

 by Hartoghs or Hartogsrade of Holland. — The Australians on the Murray were found by Eyre to 

 have the following account of the origin of the creation, "That there are four individuals living up 



