934 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



among the clouds called Nooreele, a father and his three male children, but there is no mother" (the 

 Hindu system of creation by a Supreme Power with three emanations, Stanley edit. De Morga 307) : 

 "the father is all powerful and of benevolent character : he made the earth, trees, etc., gave names to 

 every thing and place, placed the natives in their different districts, telling each tribe that they were 

 to inhabit such and such localities, and were to speak in such and such a language : it is said that he 

 brought the natives originally from some place over the waters to the eastward." Moorhouse found 

 that the natives round Adelaide "believe in a soul or spirit (itpitukutya) separate, and distinct alto- 

 gether from the body, which at death goes to the west, to a large pit, where the souls of all men go." 



"The same year " (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth. 410), cities in Northern China captured by 

 the Mantchou or Eastern Tartars ; whose chief declared himself emperor, and assumed the name 

 Thian-ming. — The titles " Tai-tsou Kao-hoang-ti of the Tai-thsing," and " Tsing-Tai-tsou," were 

 added by his descendants. 



"The same year" (art de verif ), Fide-jori manifesting predilection for Christianity and the Por- 

 tuguese, attacked by the regent Ijesaz, and driven to the fortress of Osakka ; where, according to one 

 account, he destroyed his palace and himself by fire. Ijesaz having now acquired supreme power, 

 commenced the execution of the policy of Fide-josi, and enjoined all foreigners except the Dutch to 

 quit Japan ; and soon afterwards, prohibited the Japanese from leaving their own country. 



"In this year" (Spreng.), Columna publishing his Ecphrasi, enumerating Stachrs Heraclea i. 

 l2Stoi3i, Teucrium pseudohyssopum 67, Veronica, montana 288, "circaea minima" Circaea alpina 

 ii. 80, Fcdia ccliinata 1. 206, F. coronata I. 209, F. dentata 1. 209, Sherardia erecta 1. 300, Galiuin 

 hiipidiim I. 297, J/yosolis Apula 1. 185, Cynoglossum sylvaticum 1. 175, Androsace Vitaliana 2. 65, 

 A. carnea 2. 65, Phyteuma orbicularis 1. 224, Gentiana utriculosa 1. 222, Hydrocotyle ?iatans 1. 316, 

 Buplcurum tenuissimum I. 247, B. odontites I. 247, Daucus muricatus I. 94, Tordylium Apulitm 

 1. 124, Oriiitho^alum villosum I. 323, Chlora sessilijolia 2. 77, Sclcranthus polycarpos I. 294, Saxi- 

 fraga bryoides 2. 67, 5. androsacea 2. 67, S. bulbifera I. 317, Saponaria bellidifolia I. 153, Agrh?io- 

 nia a^rii/iouoides 1 . 1 44, Euphorbia cpithymoides 2.51, Ranunculus chaerophyllus 1.311, Sempervhmm 

 arachnoideitm 1. 291, Rhinaulhus eleplias I. 188, Bartsia trixago I. 197, Euphrasia latifolia T. 202, 

 " anonyma S. Gregorii " 2. 50, Tozzia alpina 2. 50, Clypeola ionthlaspi I. 284, Sisymbrium Columnae. 

 I. 268, Spartium radiatum I. 294, Ononis Columnae I. 301, Astragalus sesameus I. 301, Geropogon 

 hirsutus 1. 231, Scorzonera hirsuta 1. 233, Prenunthes viminea 1. 240, P. hieracifolia 1. 249, Hypo- 

 choeris minima 2. 27, Crepis corymbosa t. 236, C. scariosa I. 237, Tolpis barbata 2. 27, Hyoscris 

 foeiida 2. 31, Carpesium cernuum 1. 252, Doronicum Columnae 2. 36, Centaurea crupina 1. 34, and 

 Orchis si/uia 1. 320. — He died "in 1640." 



Turgcnia latifolia of the Tauro-Caspian countries. An annual Umbelliferous weed described 

 by Columna ecphr. 1. 97 — (Spreng.), known also to the Bauhins (A Dec), termed " c. arvensis 

 echinata latifolia" by Tournefort inst. 323, " caucalis latifolia" by Linnaeus and known to occur in 

 cultivated ground throughout middle Europe (Jacq. hort. pi. 128, Hoffm , and Pers.) : in Britain, is 

 first mentioned by Dillenius "in 1724;" was observed by Moris in .Sardinia, by Munby in Algeria, 

 by Gussone in Sicily; by Sibthorp, and Fraas, in cultivated ground from the Peloponnesus to 

 Cyprus. To all appearance wild on the mountains of Suwant (Hohen. and C. A. Meyer). 



Thlaspi pcrfoliatuiu of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Columna ecphr. 

 1. 276 — (Spreng.) ; termed "t. arvense perfoliatum majus " by Tournefort inst. 212, " erba monta- 

 nella" by Micheli (Targ. ), " t. alpestre " by Hudson, " t. montanum var." by Lamarck fl fr. (Steud.), 

 and known to occur throughout middle Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 237, and Pers.) ; was observed by 

 Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to Cyprus 



Hittch'msia petrcea of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A diminutive annual termed 

 " cardamine pu.silla saxatilis montana discoides " by Columna ecphr. i. pi. 274, — " nasturtium pumilum 

 vernum " by C. Bauhin pin. 105, and Tournefort inst. 214, and known to grow in stony places, chiefly 

 calcareous, from 59 in Sweden to the Mediterranean (Engl. bot. pi. in, Jacq. austr. pi. 131, and 

 A. Dec), also on the mountains of Algeria (Du Rieu) : observed by Linnaeus in Sweden ; by Miquel, 

 in Holland; by Gaudin, in Switzerland; by Brotero, in Portugal; by Boiss., on the Sierra Nevada 

 in Spain; by Moris, on the mountains of Sardinia; by Gussone, on the mountains of Sicily; by 

 Ebel, in Dalmatia ; by Baumgarten, in Transylvania ; by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in the Peloponnesus ; 

 and by Bieberstein, in the Crimea. 



Allium pallens of the Mediterranean countries. Described by Columna ecphr. ii. pi 7, — 

 termed " a. montanum bicorne flore pallido odoro " by Tournefort inst. 384, and known to grow in 

 Spain, Italy, and Pannonia (Pers.) : observed by Gouan ill. 24 in the environs of Montpelier ; by 

 Sibthorp, frequent on the Greek islands ; by . *- in Egypt. 



Hicracium aurantiacum of middle and Western Europe. Described by Columna ecphr. 2. 30 

 — (Spreng.), termed " h. fuscum " by Villars (see Steud.), and known to grow in the subalpine 

 woods of middle Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 410, and Pers.). In Britain, long cultivated for ornament, 



