OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 935 



but discovered by G. Don escaped from gardens in several localities in Northern Scotland (Engl, 

 bot. pi. 1469), afterwards found in localities in Wales and the North of England, but universally 

 admitted to be exotic (Wats. cyb. ii. 52, and A. Dec). 



Centaurea solstitialis of Austral America? Called in Greece "phalaritha" (Sibth.); termed 

 " spina solstitialis " by Columna ecphr. 1.3: — (Spreng.), " carduus stellatus luteus foliis cyani " by 

 Tournefort inst. 440, " centaurea sicula" by Leysser (Steud.) : observed by Sibtborp, Chaubard, and 

 Fraas, frequent from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands ; by Forskal 011 Malta as well 

 as near Marseilles ; and is known to occur in cultivated ground throughout middle Europe (Lam. fl. 

 fr., and Pers.), occasionally making its appearance in the grain-fields of Britain (A. Dec). By 

 European colonists, was carried to Southeast Australia, where it has become naturalized, occurring 

 far inland (Corder). " C. tomentosa," called "atrogira" at the Dardanelles and Smyrna, and the 

 young shoots eaten, is regarded by Forskal as perhaps not distinct. 



" 1617 A. D." (art. de verif.), Achmed succeeded by Mustafa, seventeenth Turkish sultan. 



"June 17th" (Alst), Philip III. of Spain having yielded his claim, Ferdinand grandson of the 

 emperor Ferdinand, crowned king of Bohemia. This was regarded by the Bohemians, as interfer- 

 ing with their right of electing a king. 



"August" (D. Laing pref. 5), letter from Cap t. John Mason "from the plantacion of Cuper's 

 Cove " in Newfoundland to John Scot, in which he expresses the hope to " affoord " a " mapp " of 

 the island "with a particular relacion." — His " Brief discourse of the Newfoundland." written after 

 "three yeares and seuenth monthes residence," was printed in Edinburgh in 1620 ; and that he spent 

 seven years on the island is stated on the map. 



"The common wild herbes " of Newfoundland according to Mason are "angelica" (Ligusticum 

 acteaefolium), "violets" (Viola cticullata, V. palustris, and V. Muhlenbergii), "mints'' (M. Cana- 

 densis, and M. aquatica), "scabius"* "yarrow" (Achillea millefolium'), " sarsaparilla " (Aralia 

 nudicaulis), " with divers other sorts : " of these " we haue only made vse of certain great green 

 leaues pletifully growing in the woods " (Heracleum lanatum), "and a great roote growing in fresh 

 water ponds " (Nymphcea odorata), " both good against the skiruye ; and an other prettie roote with 

 a blew stalke and leaues of the nature of a skirret growing in a dry beachy ground, good meate 

 boyled " (Ligusticum Scoticum) : " the countrie fruites wild are, cherries small whole groaues of 

 them" (Cerasus Pennsylvanica), " filberds good" (Cory/us rostra/a), " damaske roses single very 

 sweet" (Rosa blanda), " excellet straberries" (Fragaria Virginiana), "and hartleberries " (Vaccinium 

 Pennsvlvanicum), "and gooseberries somewhat better than ours" (Grossularia hirtella) : "also a 

 kind of wild coranies " (Ribes rubrwn ?), " wild pease or feetches " (Pisum maritimum) . " the 

 North parts most mountanye and woodye very thick of firre trees" (Abies balsamea), "spruce" 

 (Ajbies nigra), "pine" (Strobus vulgaris), " lereckhout " (Larix Americana), " aspe " (Populus 

 tremuloides), " hasill " (Corylus Americana), " a kinde of stinking wood " (Acer?), " the three formest 

 o-oodly timber : " but " no oakes, ashe. beech, or ellmes, haue we seene or heard of." 



Of plants introduced and cultivated, "wheats, rye, barlie, oates, and pease'''' have "growen and 

 ripened" as well "as in Yorkshire:" and of garden herbs "hysope" (Hyssopus officinalis), "time, 

 parsely, clarie, nepe" (Nepeta cataria), "french mallowes" (Althaea officinalis), "buglosse" (Anchusa 

 officinalis), " collombines " (Aquilegia vulgaris), " wormewood" (Artemisia absinthium), "etc.. 

 there is at this present of three yeares old of my sowing, likewise rosemary, feuell, sweet maricrim, 

 bassel, purselyn " (Portulaca oleracea), " lettise, and all other herbes and rootes, as tomeps, pasnepes, 

 caretts, and radishes we haue found to growe well there in the sommer season." 



"In this year" (Major edit. Strach. p. xvi), Sir George Yeardley succeeded by Captain Argoll, 

 now fifth governor of Virginia. 



* Erigeron (Phalacrolomd) annuuvi of Northeast America. Sometimes called there sweet scabi- 

 ous (A. Gray), in which we recognize the "scabius" seen by John Mason in Newfoundland: — P. 

 annuum was observed by Muhlenberg in Pennsylvania (Pers.) ; by Pursh, "common;" by A. Gray, 

 in "fields and waste places, a very common weed" in central New York ; by myself, from 43 to 40 

 alontr the Atlantic ; by Schweinitz, as far as 36 in Upper Carolina. Eastward, was received from 

 America by Cornuti pi. 194, and termed "bellis ramosa umbellifera : " becoming naturalized, is figured 

 ini 7 49byGmelinii. 78, from seeds collected in the Ukraine; in 1770 by Oeder fl. Dan.pl 486, found 

 near Altona ; but has since become generally distributed throughout Germany, France, and Northern 



Italy (Pers., and A. Dec). 



Erigeron (Phalacrolomd) strigosum of Northeast America The leaves more entire and floret- 

 ravs invariably white, possibly the "scabius" in question :- observed by Muhlenberg in Pennsyl- 

 vania • by Pursh from Canada to Virginia ; by A. Gray, " fields, etc., common " in central New York ; 

 by myself from 45 to 40 along the Atlantic ; by Schweinitz, as far as 36 in Upper Carolina. 



