936 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"In this year'' (Johns, wond. prov. 8), a remarkable comet, noted throughout Europe and by 

 the natives around Massachusetts Bay: who "not long before" first saw a ship and spread the alarm 

 in their light canoes " made of birch rindes." The ship brought copper kettles, and readily opened 

 trade with the natives. 



" Nov. 1 2th " (Anders , and Holmes), arrival of Walter Raleigh in Guayana ; where he captured 

 a Spanish city, and searched for mines, intending to form a settlement. — In the following year, 

 returning disappointed to England, he was arrested, and on the " 29th of October " beheaded : counted 

 (according to Burnet) "a barbarous sacrificing him to the Spaniards." Raleigh and Humphrey Gil- 

 bert (see above) are regarded as the founders of the trade and naval power of Britain. 



Piratinera Guayanensis of Guayana. Raleigh was accompanied by two Hollanders in search 

 of " spekeld wood /" called by the natives "paira," — as identified by Schomburgk (edit. Ral.) : P. 

 Guayanensis is also described by Aublet. 



" 1618, May 15th" (Humb. cosm. ii.), demonstration by Kepler, That the squares of the times 

 of revolution of the planets are as the cubes of the mean di-tances. Kepler also discovered, That the 

 planets move in ellipses, the sun occupying one of the foci. 



"June " (Alst.), by the "directors of the kingdom," the Jesuits expelled from Bohemia. 



"In this year" (Spreng., and Winckler), Philipp and Albert Menzel publishing their Synon. 

 plant. Ingolst. * 



Hardly later than this date, Vesling while a youth " cum juvenis " (Spreng.) visiting Egypt, 

 meeting with Salvia marrubioidcs 77 : — his account was published in " 1638 ; " and shortly after 

 making a second visit, he died in " 1649." 



Ipomoea palmata of Equatorial Africa. Called in Egypt " sett el hosch " (Forsk.) or "cherk 

 falek" (Del.) ; observed there by Vesling pi., and termed "convolvulus Aegyptiacus : " — by Forskal 

 p. 43, and Delile, climbing over trees in gardens, and over reeds along the Nile ; by Grant, " com- 

 mon, Nile banks 9° N. etc." Eastward, was observed by Roxburgh frequent in Hindustan, but no 

 native name is given. Transported to Europe, is described by C. Bauhin pin. 295 ; and is termed 

 "i. tuberculata" by Roemer and Schultes. By European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius 

 Islands, observed by Bojer under cultivation and hardly naturalized (A. Dec.) ; to Montevideo, Bra- 

 zil, and Para (Choisy) ; and to the Hawaiian Islands (Choisy, A. Gray, and Mann). 



"In this year" (Major edit. Strach. p. xvii), the administration of Argoll in Virginia causing 

 great dissatisfaction, the captain general Lord de Lawarre was again sent out: but on the way, died in 

 or near the bay which bears his name. 



" 1619 A. D." ( . . . Stith, and Holmes), a provincial legislature granted to Virginia ; enabling 

 the colonists to take part in the government. The first meeting was on "June 19th." 



" July " (Relat. du Groenl. 237). under instructions from Christian IV. of Denmark, Captain 

 Munck sailing through Hudson's Strait into Hudson's Sea ; where he wintered in " 6f 20'." Much 

 suffering was endured from scurvy and want of food, but searching among the snow " they found a 

 kind of strawberry " {red-mow, Protococcus nivalis) " which sustained and nourished them after a 

 manner," though withering " a short time after " removal from the snow. — •« Apr. 12th," rain fell for 

 the first time in seven months. "July 16th," abandoning the largest of his two vessels, Captain 

 Munck and a few survivors sailed for home ; arriving in Norway ■• Sept. 21st." 



"In this year" (Spreng.), plants brought from the ' Isle Virgine " described by. Io. Robin, 

 including "narcissus virginianus flore albo rubicante " Amaryllis atamasco pi. 4, " martagon de 

 Canada " Lilium superbum pi. 10 — He published a Second edition " in [620 " (introd.). 



"Aug. 28th" (Alst. p. 573), Matthias succeeded by the king of Hungary and Bohemia, now 

 Ferdinand II., thirty-fourth" emperor of Germany and Italy. " Aug. 29th," by the Bohemians, a new 

 king elected in opposition ; soon followed by removing the images from a church in Prague, and 

 open war. 



" The same year " (Blair), by William Harvey of England, discovery of the circulation of the blood. 

 . " In th,s y ear " (Spreng.), Joh. Frank, a friend of C. Bauhin, publishing his Hort. "lusat., with 

 Latin, German, and some Wendish names of plants. 



"1620 A. D. = ' tai-tchang,' 1st year of Kouang-tsoung II., of the Ming" or Twenty-third 

 dynasty (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth. 414). He reigned " one month " only. 



'• In this year" (Krusenstern, and Bickmore), the Jesuit Hieronymus de Angelis visiting Yeso 

 and Krafto (Saghalien), being probably the first European who travelled so far through the Japanese 

 empire. In a letter (dated "1622," Sieb. elucid. Vries p. 99) he gives the following particulars 

 respecting Yeso: "as for the appearance of the inhabitants" (Amos), "they are coarse and of a 

 larger stature than men generally are, more inclining in colour to white than brown; they wear long 

 beards sometimes down to the middle : " instead " of armour thev have coats of small planks fastened 

 together, which is ridiculous to look at." The "lord of Matsumay assured me that the inhabitants of 

 Jesso went to three islands not far distant from their country and the inhabitants of which had no 



