OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 939 



"In the beginning of this year" (N. Shaw edit. Champl. p. xlviii), the duke of Montmorency 

 made viceroy of New France, "from Florida along the seacoast to the Arctic circle; to the west, 

 from Newfoundland to the Great Lake called the Freshwater Sea" (Lake Superior). Champlain 

 was appointed his lieutenant, to proceed to the new colony and have entire control (letter from the 

 king "May 7th"). 



^'The same year" (Smith, Chalm., and Holmes), freedom granted to the colonial commerce of 

 Virginia: and a Dutch ship arriving, sold "twenty negroes," being the first imported into Virginia. 

 The Dutch West India company chartered in this year ; and the island of Margarita seized, and from 

 this time chiefly abandoned by its Spanish inhabitants. 



"Nov. nth" (Bradf., and Holmes), under a pledge from king James "Not to molest them," 

 arrival at Cape Cod of -one hundred" Brownists or Puritan reformers, in the ship Mayflower. Find- 

 ing themselves contrary to their wishes in " Lat. 42°," beyond the chartered limits of South Virginia, 

 and therefore under no government ; an agreement was signed before landing, and John Carver elected 

 governor for one year. On "Wednesday the 15th," a party on shore under Miles Standish "saw 

 five or six persons with a dogg." A few days afterwards, a party in the shalop "found more of their 

 come and of their beans of various collours " (Phaseolus vulgaris). " Before the close of November " 

 (Holmes), birth of Peregrine White ; the first child of European parentage born in New England.— 

 He died in 1704, in his "eighty-fourth year" (Prince chron.). 



''Dec. 9th" (Churchill coll ii.), eclipse of the moon. Observed in Anam or Cochinchina by 

 Borri ; of the party of missionaries who first entered that country. 



" Dec. 23d, Saturday " (Churchill coll., and Holmes), after searching the bay beyond Cape Cod, 

 and selecting a harbour, many of the colonists went on shore to remain permanently ; and commenced 

 a settlement, which they called "New Plimouth." — The "twenty-second day of December, new 

 style, corresponding to the eleventh, old style " (Holmes), has long been observed as the anniversary 

 of the Landing. 



"The same year" (Spreng.), by H. and Z. Jansen in Holland, microscopes invented and first 

 manufactured. 



" 1621 A. D. — 'thian-ki,' 1st year of Hi-tsoung-tchi-ti, Tchi-ti," or Hi-tsoung, "of the Ming" 

 or Twenty-third dynasty (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth.). Hi-tsoung invited Portuguese soldiers 

 from Macao, to aid him against the Mantchous ; but through the jealousy of merchants, was per- 

 suaded to order a return (Semedo, and Pauth. 414). 



"In this year" (Klapr. mem. i. 323), Japanese establishing themselves on the Northern coast 

 of Formosa. 



" In this year " (Stirling, and W. W. Hunter), prince Shah Jahan, rebelling against his father the 

 emperor Jahangir, takes possession of Orissa and Bardwan. 



"March 16th" (Holmes), the colonists at Plymouth visited by Samoset, a native who had 

 learned broken English from fishermen. Means of communication were now obtained ; and through 

 him, Squanto a native who had been forcibly carried to England, and Hobomack a third friendly 

 native, a treaty was entered into with Masasoit, the most influential chief among the surrounding 

 tribes. " Great store of wild tttrkies" were found in the woods (Bradf ). "June 1 8th," a duel between 

 two servants : who were condemned to lying twenty-four hours the head and feet tied together. 

 "Sept. 13th," visit of nine sachems, who voluntarily subscribed an instrument of submission to king 

 James; partly, it would appear, through fears of the Canadian French. "Nov. nth," arrival of 

 Robert Cushman with "thirty-five" additional colonists ; bringing a charter, procured by friends at 

 home.* — The treaty of friendship with Masasoit and the natives continued inviolate more than fifty 

 years, until 1675. 



"The same year" (Purchas, and Holmes), a school for the natives founded in Virginia, endowed 

 with a tract of land, and connected with the college at Henrico. And in England, the policy of 

 favouring colonial over foreign importations, adopted. 



"The same year" (Alst. p. 561), by the emperor Ferdinand II., the Protestants banished from 

 "Bohemia, Moravia, Austria, Silesia, and Lusatia." In France (Blair), commencement of civil war 

 against the Protestants : — the war continued seven years, until the capture of Rochelle by Louis XIII. 



"In this year" (Linn. fl. suec. p. vii), academic dissertation by J. L. Starchii, the first Swede 

 who wrote on plants ; treating them however only in a general way. 



* Jimiperus prostrata of Subarctic America. The ground juniper is clearly the " junipere " of 

 Plymouth Colony mentioned in W. Morell's poem, — and "juniper" of New England described by 

 Josselyn 49 as "very dwarfish and shrubby: " J. prostrata is described by Michaux (Pers.) ; was 

 observed by myself from 45° to 42 along the Atlantic ; by Nuttall, from Lake Huron to Fort Mandan 

 on the Upper Missouri ; by Drummond, from the Saskatchewan to 53 on the Rocky mountains ; and 

 by Mertens, to 57 on the Pacific at Norfolk Sound. 



