940 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"In the nicrht of Sept. izth and 13th, the moon being one day old" (Relat. du Groenl. 207), a 

 remarkable display of the aurora borealis in France, observed and described by Gassendi (v.t. Peresc. 



and '^eSsept. 16th" (Alst. p. 585, and Blair), Heidelberg on the Upper Rhine captured by the 

 emperor Ferdinand II., and its Library sent to Rome. ,.,,,. j 



"In this year" (title-pa-e), publication in London of "A briefe relation of the discovery and 

 plantation of New England °. . from 1607 to this present 1622:" enumerating among the products 

 "oake" (Q alba) " firre " (Abies balsamea), "masts for ships of all burdens" (Strobus strobus), 

 "pitch" (Finns ildda), "walnut" (Julians cinerea), "chestnut" (Castanea Americana), " elme " 

 (Ulmus Americana), "plum-trees" (Prumts Americana), "vines of three kindes and those pleasant 

 to the taste yet some better than other" (litis cordifolia, V. labrusca, and V. cestivahs), "hempe ' 

 (Afiocvnum cannabinum), "flax" (Linum Virginianum), and " silkgrasse " (Eriophorum Virginicum). 

 "1623, January" (Churchill coll., and Holmes), a settlement commenced by the English on St. 

 Christopher ; and one by the French on the same day at the other end of the island, being their first 

 settlement in the West Indies. The settlers were soon driven out of the island by the Spaniards : — 

 but afterwards returned ; the French in small numbers, the more enterprising preferring to form 

 settlements on Guadalupe and Martinico. 



" The same year" (Holmes, see also Bradford), after long trading with the natives, the Dutch 

 commenced settlements ; and at the mouth of the Hudson, built a town which they called " New 

 Amsterdam " (New York). They further established fortified trading-posts ; " Fort Orange," a hun- 

 dred and fifty miles up the Hudson ; and " Fort Nassau," on the East side of Delaware Bay. 



" The same year " ( Hubbard, and Holmes), under patents from England, settlements commenced 

 and a house bui'lt within the mouth of the Pascataqua river. — The origin of the State of New 

 Hampshire. 



"July 13th," under a charter from king James, a ship sent by Sir William Alexander encour. col. 

 35 entering Luke's Lav in Nova Scotia. On landing, " meadowes " were met with " hauing roses white 

 and red" (Rosa blanket, and R. India) growing "with a kind of wilde lilly which had a daintie smel" 

 (Lilium Canadensef), and on ground without wood between the two rivers "goose-beries " (Grossu- 

 laria cvnosbati), "strawberies" (Fragaria lirginiana), " hind-beries " (Rubus Occidcntalis ?), " ras- 

 beries " (Rubus strigosus), " and a kind of red wine-berie " (Vaccinium vitis-Idaea), also " some eares 

 of wheate" (Iriticum rep ens f) "barly" (Hordeum jnbatum ?) and "rie" (Elymus Virginicusf) 

 "orowin<r there wilde," and along the coast "pease" (Pisum maritimum) "good to eate but did taste 

 of the fitch : " the country for twelve leagues along to Port Negro found full of woods, "the most part 

 oake" (Qucrens rubra?), the rest "firre" (Strobus strobus), "spruce" (Abies nigra), "birch" (Betula 

 papyracea), "with some sicamores " (Acer saceliarinum) "and ashes" (Fraxinus sambucifolia), 

 "and many other sorts" they had not seen before. 



" In this year" (Spreng., and Winckl ), C. Bauhin publishing his Pinax and writing his Theatr., 

 enumerating Scirpns (IsolepL) acicularis theatr. 1S3, "gramen typhoides spica angustiore" theatr. 53, 

 Alopecurus agrestic, Pollinia gryilus theatr. 149 Chrysurus echinatus theatr. 59, Aira flexuosa theatr. 

 14, Bromus velutinus theatr. 143, "gramen caninum arvense" theatr. 9, Agropyrum repeus, Pulmo- 

 naria suffruticosa pin. 521, Linum viscosum pin. 214. Tradescantia I'irginiea pin. 516, Aster alpimts 

 ad Matth. 818, Rhododendron Lapponiuini pin. 468, Juncus Jiliformis pin. 12, and Cardamine bellidi- 

 folia pin. 105, Carex flava 7, "cannabis virginiana" 320, Acuida cannabina. — He died "in 1624," 

 and the first portion of his Theatr. was published by his son "in 1658." 



Lathynis palustris of Subarctic climates. Termed "1. peregrinus foliis vicice flore subcaeruleo 

 pallideve purpurascente" by C. Bauhin pin. 344, — and known to grow in marshes from Lapland 

 throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan. pi. 391), Engl. bot. pi. 169, and Pers.), also in Northern Asia 

 (Wats.) : was observed by Linnaeus in Lapland and Sweden ; by Brotero, in Extramadura in Portu- 

 gal ; by Savi, in Etruria. Westward, by Michaux in Northern Canada ; by myself, along the Atlantic 

 as far as 42 , only on the border of salt marshes ; but according to Hooker, grows throughout Canada 

 to the Saskatchewan and along the Northwest coast as far South as 48 . 



Spircea hypencifolia of the Uralian plains. An ornamental shrub described by C. Bauhin pin. 

 517 — (Spreng.), seen by Barrelier in Spain (Camb.), by Thunberg in Japan. In its wild state, 

 observed by Pallas trav. from 53 on the Lower Volga; known to grow also on Caucasus (Dec. prodr.). 

 By European colonists was carried to Northeast America, where it continues frequent in gardens 

 (A. Gray). 



Leersia oryzindes of Northeast America. A subaquatic grass known perhaps to C. Bauhin* — ■ 



* Blitum capitatum of North America. Called in Britain blite (Prior) or slraio'em y-spinage. in 

 France "blette" (Nugent) : described by C. Bauhin ad Matth. 365 — (Spreng.), Knorr del. hort. i. pi. 

 E. 3, and Linnaeus hort. cliff. 1 ; termed " morocarpus capitatus " by Scopoli (Steud.) ; and known to 



