OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



943 



" In this year " (title-page), in a compilation published at Edinburgh, entitled " Encouragements," 

 and in which North American productions are enumerated, mention is made of dyes, "for blew the 

 herbe woad " (Baptisia tinctoria). 



"The same year" (Maunder), first permanent settlement of the English on Barbadoes. 



" In this year " (Spreng.), Tobias Aldini publishing his Plant, rar. hort. Fames., enumerating 

 Helleborus lividus. 



" 1626, February" (Henault, and Holmes), by the English Commons, a bill passed for the free- 

 dom of fishing along the American coast. The bill not being returned from the House of lords ; the 

 commons vindicated its authority by refusing to grant a second subsidy, and was dissolved. Now 

 commenced the quarrels between king Charles and parliament; the latter perceiving that he wished 

 to absorb power and render himself independent. 



"The same year" (Blair), League against the emperor Ferdinand II., of the Protestant princes 

 of Germany, the Dutch, and Gustavus Adolphus king of Sweden. 



" 1627 A. D. = ist year of Thian-tsoung," Mantchou ruler of Northern China (Chinese chron. 

 table). 



"January '' (N. Shaw edit. Champl. p. lxii), on the St. Lawrence, death of Hebert, according to 

 Champlain " the first head of a family who lived by what he cultivated." 



" March " (Morton, and Holmes), letters of friendship received at Plymouth from the Dutch 

 settlers of New Netherlands. 



" September " (Alst.), treaty of peace between the emperor Ferdinand II. and the Turks. 



At this time (Spreng., and Winckler), Georg Fuiren writing. — He died "in r628." 



"The same year" (Maunder), Jahangir succeeded by his son Shah Jehan, now emperor of Hin- 

 dustan. — In whose reign, the Seiks, "a new set of religionists," silently "established themselves 

 along the eastern mountains." 



"1628 A. D. = 'tsoung-tching,' ist year of Hoai-tsoung-ming-ti " or Hoai-tsoung, "of the Ming" 

 or Twenty-third dynasty (Chinese chron. table). In the reign of Hoai-tsoung (official documents 

 quoted by P. Martin Martini, and Pauth. p. 424), China contained "10,728,787 families, and 58,- 

 917,683 males." 



" September" (Alst. p. 561 and 591), end of the chronicle of Alsted. 



" Sept. 6th " (Bradf., Holmes, and Felt, archaeol. Amer. p. 8), arrival of John Endecott, bringing a 

 charter for the separate colony of Massachusetts : extending from three miles North of the Merri- 

 mack to three miles South of Charles river, and within these limits to the Pacific. Endecott estab- 

 lished himself at Naumkeak, founding there the second important town in New England ; Plymouth 

 being the first. — " For Salem was the next of any fame, That began to augment New England's 

 name " (poem ascribed to governor Bradford). 



Before the close of the year (Prince, and Holmes), by general consent of the New England colo- 

 nists, Thomas Morton seized, and sent to England : For persisting in selling fire-arms to the natives. 



" 1629, March 4th " (Blair), nine members of the Commons of England imprisoned for their 

 speeches by king Charles. "The same day " (Holmes), the Massachusetts charter confirmed by king 

 Charles, under the name " The governor and company of the Massachusetts Bay : " to have perpetual 

 succession, and annually elect out of their own number a governor, deputy governor, and eighteen 

 assistants ; and to make laws not repugnant to the laws of England. 



" April 30th " (Holmes), the above officers of the Massachusetts Company having been elected, 

 a meeting at London, and a form of government for the new colony adopted : to be administered by 

 a Council of the colonists themselves, including John Endecott as governor. "Aug. 29th" (Holmes), 

 several persons "of considerable importance" having resolved to remove to Massachusetts "for the 

 unmolested enjoyment of their religion," and unwilling to be governed by laws made without their 

 consent ; an agreement for the transfer of the charter, so that the corporate powers should be exe- 

 cuted in New England. In accordance with this arrangement, John Winthrop was elected governor 

 of the Company, to proceed to New England. 



"June" (Chalmers i. 142, Holmes, and Higgeson, hist. coll. i. p. 120), arrival of about "two 

 hundred " colonists at Naumkeak or Salem : where they found only governor Endecott and " eight 

 hovels ; " the whole colony containing at this time but "one hundred planters." 



" The same year" (N. E. prosp. i. 10), arrival of William Wood in New England. Residing it 

 would seem, principally in Plymouth colony, he met with : an ash, "different from the ash of Eng- 

 land, beino- brittle and good for little " (Fraxinus pubescens) i. 6 ; " ever-trembling asps " (Populus 

 tremidoides) ; the "red oake " {Quercus rubra) ; and a third kind, the " blacke " (Quercus tinctoria).* 



* Quercus tinctoria of Northeast America. The black or quercitron oak, a large tree, clearly the 

 " blacke oake " seen by W. Wood in Eastern Massachusetts : — observed by myself from Lat. 44 

 throughout New England ; by A. Gray, " common " in central New York ; by Bartram, in Pennsyl- 



