944 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



" In planted gardens and in woods, sweete marjoram" {Origanum vulgaref), " sorell " (Rumex 

 acelosella), " penerial, yarrow" {Achillea millefolium), " myrtle," were met with by W. Wood i. 5. 

 He further mentions : " hempe " (Cannabis saliva) " and flaxe " (Lirium usitatissimum) " some 

 planted by the English, with rapes;" besides " tumeps, parsnips, carrots, radishes, muskmillions, 

 cucumbers, onyons ;" also wheat, and good crops of " rie, oates, and barley. 1 '' 



The natives tattooed figures of "bears, deer, hawks, etc.," on their "cheeks;" were more grieved 

 "to see an English man take one deere, than a thousand acres of land ;" wove "coats of turkie 

 feathers;" built "forts of young timber trees, rammed into the ground" (palisades); in cooking, 

 boiled or roasted, and abandoning the " earthen pots of their owne making," used "brasse " kettles 

 "which they traded for with the French long since." They were exposed to attacks from the "Mow- 

 hacks : " who wore " sea horse skinnes, and barkes of trees, made by their art as impenitrable," and 

 who "beate them downe with their right hand tamahaukes, and left hand iavelins, being all the weap- 

 ons which they use." — At the end of "four years,'' on the " 15th of August 1633," W. Wood i. 10 

 and ii. 1 to 17, sailed for England. 



"July 19th" (Wilmere edit. Champl. p. lxxxii, Holmes), Quebec surrendered by Champlain to a 

 British fleet under the command of David Kertk, a French Protestant; but in place of removing as 

 had been stipulated to France, most of the colonists preferred to remain behind ; and it was soon 

 ascertained that peace had been declared " two months " previously. — Champlain returned to Quebec 

 as governor of the colony in "June 11133," bringing with him "a reinforcement of Jesuits," and died 

 "towards the end of 1635." The editor adds, "But for him Quebec would probably have never 

 existed." 



"The same year" (Churchill coll.), Francis Pelsart of Holland on his way to India, wrecked on 

 "rocks near some small islands not inhabited and having no fresh water, in upwards of thirty-eight 



vania ; by Muhlenberg, and Pursh, from New England to Georgia; by Elliot, in the upper district of 

 Carolina; by Short, near Lexington in Kentucky ; by Darby 44, on the Washita ; bv Nuttall, on the 

 Arkansas ; and by Long's Expedition ii. 215, on the Mississippi as far as 43° Its thick yellow inner 

 bark prepared for dyeing and chiefly exported from Philadelphia. 



Nabalus albus of Northeast America. Called rattlesnake-root (A. Gray), in Virginia Dr. Wilt's 

 snake-root (Clayt.), and clearly the "root caled snake weede " mentioned by W. Wood i. it as an 

 antidote to the bite of the rattlesnake ; — also the "root of an herb called snake-weed, to bite on " 

 within " a quarter of an houre " by " the partie stinged," according to Higgeson (hist. coll. i. 122) ; 

 the "snakeweed" always carried about by Gov. Winthrop "in summer-time" (diary) ; the plant is 

 figured by Josselyn rar. pi. 77 ; and the "radix snaqroel nothae Angliae " used against the bite of a 

 serpent that otherwise kills within "twelve hours," reported to Cornuti p. 214: Dr. Witt's "rattle- 

 snake-root" of Virginia, as appears from Clayton, and Pursh, belongs here: N. albus according to 

 Hooker grows from Newfoundland to Quebec and Lake Huron; has been observed by myself from 

 45 to 40° along the Atlantic; by Pursh, from New England to Carolina; by Schweinitz, at 36 in 

 Upper Carolina ; by Chapman, "in the upper districts of Georgia, and northward." (See N. albus, 

 and Hieracium venosum.) 



Hedcoma pulegioides of Northeast America. The American pennyroyal, named from resem- 

 blance in smell and taste (Tuckerm.), clearly the "peneriall " seen by W. Wood i. 5, — and Higge- 

 son, in Eastern Massachusetts, and "upright pe-uroval " of Josselyn rar. 44: H. pulegioides, an 

 annual growing in open situations and multiplying in clearings, has been observed by myself from 45° 

 on Mount Desert and in Northern New York to 40 along the Atlantic ; by Pursh, from Canada to 

 Carolina ; by Schweinitz, at 36° in Upper Carolina ; and by Short, in Kentucky. 



Smilacina racemosa of Northeast America. Sometimes called false spikenard { A. Gray); clearly 

 the "treackleberries" seen by W. Wood i. 5 in Eastern Massachusetts, — and the third kind of 

 " Salomon's seal " called according to Josselyn 45 " treacleberries, having the perfect taste of treacle 

 when they are ripe, and will keep good a long while, certainly a very wholesome berry, and medici- 

 nal " (J. L. Russell in Hovey's mag. 1858) : S. racemosa was observed by Michaux in Canada and on 

 the Alleghanies of Carolina ; by myself, from 45 to 40 along the Atlantic ; by Schweinitz, at 36 in 

 Upper Carolina; by Beck, on the Mississippi near St. Louis; and by Nuttall, on the Arkansas. 

 Transported to Europe, is described by Cornuti pi. 37, and M orison xiii.'pl. 4. 



Smilax glanca of Northeast America. Possibly the "saxifarilla " seen by W. Wood in Eastern 

 Massachusetts: — observed by myself from 42° near Plymouth to 38 near Washington, the leaves 

 edible ; by Torrey, from 4r° on the Hudson ; by Walter, and Elliot, in South Carolina ; by Chapman, 

 " Florida, and northward ; " by Nuttall, on the Arkansas ; and was received by A. Gray from " Ken- 

 tucky." Transported to Europe, is the " S. sarsaparilla of Linnaeus in part" (Pers., Steud., and A. 

 Gray. See Aralia nudicaulis). 



