OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 945 



degrees of south latitude "(....). After building a deck to the long-boat, the party put to sea and 

 "soon discovered the continent," on "June 8th." In "twenty-four degrees of south latitude" on the 

 " 14th," six men " swimming ashore, saw four savages quite naked, who fled " {Australians). Contin- 

 uing along the coast Northward and Eastward, the boat safely arrived among the East India islands. 



"In this year" (Spreng.), Parkinson publishing his Parad., enumerating Canna lutea 376, Nar- 

 cissus laetus 94. a. 9, N. viridiflorus 93. f. 6, Colchicum Byzantinum 155. f. 2, Geranium striatum 

 227. n. 7, Medicago sctttellala 337. n. 5. 



Allium triquetrum of the Mediterranean countries. Described by Parkinson parad. 143 f. 6 — • 

 (Spreng.), and Rudbeck elys. ii. pi. 159; termed "a. caule triangulo " by Tournefort inst. 385 ; and 

 known to grow in Spain, about Narbonne (Pers.) : observed by Desfontaines i. 288 in Algeria; by 

 Tenore, in Italy ; by Sibthorp, in the environs of Rome ; and by Gittard, in the Peloponnesus 

 (Chaub.). 



Colchicum variegatum of the East Mediterranean countries. A species of meadow-saffron called 

 in Greece " spassohorton " (Sibth.) ; from transported specimens described by Parkinson parad. pi. 

 155 as having "leaves for the most part three," 'Tying close upon the ground," and termed by him 

 '• C. fritillaricum Chiense ; " — by Tournefort inst. 349, " C. flore fritillarias instar tesselato : " observed 

 by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, on Helicon, Parnassus, and other mountains of Greece. 



"Towards 1630" (art de vcrif.), Ijesaz succeeded by his son or grandson Fide-tada, now 

 emperor of Japan. He continued the policy of persecuting Christians and excluding foreigners, the 

 Dutch excepted. 



"T^* 1630 A. D." (art de verif.), abdication of Kouotei in favour of his daughter Niote or Siote, now 

 dairo of Japan. 



After passing the winter of 1629-30 at Salem (hist. coll. i. 121), Higgeson found " divers excel- 

 lent pot-herbs " growing " among the grasse, as strawberrie leaves in all places," and '• pennyroyal, 

 wintersaverie, sorrell, brookelime, liverwort, carvell, and watercresses ; " * also "good ash " (Fraxinus 



* Lobelia cardinalis of Northeast America. The cardinal-flower, transported to Europe, 

 described by Parkinson parad. 355, — Jungermann (Spreng.), Miller, and Linnaeus. Westward, is 

 known to grow from the Saskatchewan throughout Canada (Hook.) ; was observed by Pursh from 

 Canada to Carolina; by myself, on marshy margins of streams from 45 to 39 along the Atlantic ; by 

 Elliot, in South Carolina ; by Baldwin, at 31° ; by Bartram, to 30 ; by Chapman, " Florida to Missis- 

 sippi ; " by Short, near Lexington in Kentucky. 



Asclepias Cornuti of Northeast America. The milkweed transported to Europe described by 

 Parkinson parad. 443. n. 2 — (Spreng.), termed "apocynum maius " by Cornuti pi. 90: pods "used 

 to stuff pillows and cushions " were sent from Connecticut by John Winthrop the younger in 1670 

 (phil. trans. Land., and arch. Am. iv. 124) ; and the living plant has become naturalized in France, 

 Corsica, and Dalmatia (A. Dec). Westward, is known to grow throughout Canada to the Saskatch- 

 ewan ; was observed by myself from 46 30' on the St. Lawrence to 40° along the Atlantic ; by Croom, 

 as far as Newbern ; by Short, in Kentucky ; and by Michaux, in Illinois (Pers.). 



Cardamiue Pennsylvania of North America. The American water-cress, the flowers small 

 and uniformly white, clearly the "watercresses" seen by Higgeson near Salem: — observed by 

 myself frequent around Salem and from 44° to 39° along the Atlantic ; by Muhlenberg, and Pursh, 

 from New York to Pennsylvania ; by Elliot, in South Carolina ; by Baldwin, as far as 30° in Florida ; 

 by Chapman, in " wet soil, Florida and northward ; " and according to Hooker, grows as far as the 

 Arctic Sea and Columbia river. 



Rubus odoratus of Northeast America. Called in New England mulberry (C. P.) or flowering 

 mulberry (J. Robins.), and doubtless the " mulberries " seen by Higgeson around Salem:— the 

 "raspberry, here called mulberry" was seen by Josselyn rar. 4S in New England: R. odoratus is 

 known to grow from the Saskatchewan throughout Canada (Hook.) ; was observed by Michaux in 

 Canada and on the Alleghany mountains ; by myself, from 45° to the vicinity of Salem ; by W. Bar- 

 ton, to 40 near Philadelphia; by McEuen, near Ithaca in central New York; by Short, in Kentucky; 

 by Elliot, on the Alleghanies of South Carolina ; and by Chapman, " on the mountains of Georgia." 

 Transported to Europe, is termed "rubus odoratus " by Cornuti pi. 150; and continues under culti- 

 vation for ornament. 



Osmorhiza longistylis of Northeast America. The American sweet cicely, probably the car 

 veil" seen by Higgeson near Salem ; — observed by myself in a rocky precipitous place in the suburb 

 called " Paradise?' possibly the spot where it was seen by Higgeson : by Torrey, near Albany on the 

 Hudson (Dec); by Conrad, near Philadelphia ; by Short, in Kentucky ; by Beck, on the Mississippi; 

 by Nuttall, on the Arkansas ; and according to Hooker, grows throughout Canada to the Saskatch- 

 ewan and Northwest America. 



Abocynum cannabinum of Northeast America. A species of American dogbane, probably one 



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