946 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Americana) ; and "up and downe in the woods," among other fruits, "walnuts " {Juglans cinerea), 

 and "smalnuts" (Carya glabra). The natives "generally professe to like well of our coming and plant- 

 ing here ; partly because there is abundance of ground that they cannot possesse nor make use of, 

 and partly because our being here will bee a meanes of relief to them when they want, and also a 

 defence from their enemies." They " will come into our houses " sometimes " half a score at a time 

 when we are at victuals, but will ask or take nothing but what we give them." We "neither fear 

 them nor trust them:" but "use them kindly:" and "purpose to learn their language." Their 

 " haire is generally blacke, and cut before," and " one locke longer than the rest, much like to our 

 gentlemen, which fashion " (wearing the queue) " I thinke came from hence into England." 



In addition to plants already mentioned as introduced by the colonists into New England, Hig- 

 geson states, That the governor had " green pease growing in his garden." 



" In this year also " (Poole introd. Wond. Prov. xxii), publication of White's " Planter's Plea ; " 

 a work on New England. 



"July 6th " (Prince, and Holmes), arrival in Massachusetts Bay of John Winthrop, governor of 



of the "two kinds of flowers very sweet, which they say are good to make cordage," observed by Hig- 

 geson near Salem : — but not known to grow nearer than Middleton Lake, where it was pointed out 

 to me by Mr. Oakes. 



Quercus bicolor of Northeast America. The swamp white-oak, probably the fourth sort of 

 "oke" seen by Higgeson around Salem : — the frame-timbers of a house erected in 1652, recorded 

 as of "swamp white oak," continue sound, and 0. bicolor has been observed by myself in the imme- 

 diate vicinity of Salem: by F. A. Michaux, from Lake Champlain and 43 on the Atlantic to Lake 

 Ontario and the Western States ; by Darlington, to 40° near West Chester, Penns. ; by Schweinitz, 

 and Nuttall, at 36° in Upper Carolina; and by Nuttall, and Pitcher, on the Arkansas. 



Veronica Americana of North America. Closely resembling V. beccabunga, but given as dis- 

 tinct ; clearly the " brookelime " seen by Higgeson near Salem ; — observed by myself in the outlet 

 of Mineral-spring Lake, possibly where it was seen by Higgeson : by Pursh, from Pennsylvania to 

 Virginia; and by Conrad, near Philadelphia; and according to Hooker grows throughout Canada to 

 Fort Norway. (Compare V. beccabunga.) 



Pycnanthemum muticum of Northeast America. An aromatic Labiate, perhaps the " winter- 

 saverie " seen by Higgeson around Salem : — the specimen marked " satureja virginica" in the Lin- 

 najan herbarium, is referred here with some doubt by Bentham : P. muticum has been observed by 

 myself from 42 30' in the environs of Salem ; and according to A. Gray, grows from •■ Maine to Ohio, 

 Kentucky, and southward ; " was observed by Drummond at 40 near West Chester, and on the Mis- 

 sissippi near St. Louis (Ik-nth.) ; by Michaux, in Upper Carolina (Pers.), and by Schweinitz at 36 ; 

 by Chapman, " Florida to Mississippi, and northward ; " by Short, in Kentucky : by Nuttall, on the 

 Arkansas. 



Pycnanthemum lanceolatum of Northeast America. Possibly the " wintersaverie " seen by 

 Higgeson near Salem : — observed by myself from 45 in Northern New York to and beyond Salem ; 

 by A. Gray, "common" in central New York; by Torrey, as far as 4i°on the Hudson ; by Michaux, 

 on the mountains of Pennsylvania and Upper Carolina (1'ers., and Benth.) ; and by Short, in 

 Kentucky. 



Salix cordata of Northeast America. Arborescent, with lanceolate leaves heart-shaped at the 

 base only, possibly the "willow" seen by Higgeson around Salem, and its wood commended: — 

 observed there by myself, and from 47 30' on the Lower St. Lawrence to 40 along the Atlantic ; by 

 Muhlenberg, in Pennsylvania; by Pursh, from New York to Virginia; by J. Carey, and A. Gray, 

 on "inundated banks of rivers, and low meadows, common," becoming "a small tree six to fifteen feet 

 high." 



Salix lucida of Northeast America. Arborescent, with shining foliage, possibly the "willow" 

 whose wood is commended by Higgeson : —observed by myself from 47 30' on the Lower St. Law- 

 rence to the vicinity of Salem ; by Torrey, to 41° on the Hudson ; bv Muhlenberg, in Pennsylvania ; 

 by F. A. Michaux, in the Northern and Middle States ; by Pursh, from New York to Virginia ; by 

 J. Carey, and A. Gray, on "overflowed banks of streams, rather common," "sometimes becoming a 

 small bushy tree of twelve to fifteen feet." 



Salix discolor of Northeast America. Arborescent, with leaves glaucous beneath, possibly the 

 "willow" seen by Higgeson : — observed by myself from 47 30' on the Lower St. Lawrence to the 

 vicinity of Salem; by W. Barton, as far as 40°; by Collins, in Northern New York ; by Muhlenberg, 

 in New York and Pennsylvania ; by Pursh, from New England to Carolina (Ell.) ; by J. Carey, and 

 A. Gray, " low meadows and river-banks, common, a large shrub or small tree, eight to fifteen' feet 

 high." 



