OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 951 



known to Sloane, the plant probably crossed the Atlantic without human intervention : was observed 

 by Adanson in Senegal (Steud.) ; is known to grow also in Guinea, and on Fernando Po (Benth. fl. 

 Nigr.). 



Iresine vermicularis of the Atlantic seashore of Tropical America and Africa. A branching 

 prostrate Amaranthaceous plant called in Brazil "caaoponga" (Pis. 243) or " parexxil " — (Marcg. 

 14, and Willd. i. 2322) : observed by Swartz obs. 101 in the West Indies ; known to grow on Key 

 West (Torr.), and "sandy sea-shores, .South Florida" (Pursh, and Chapm.). Eastward, on the 

 seashore of Senegal and Guinea (Moq., A. Dec, and Benth. fl. Nigr.), doubtless transported from 

 one continent to the other by ocean currents. 



Smilax siphilitica of the Upper Orinoco. Among other species substituted for sarsaparilla, a 

 kind was observed by Marcgrafand Piso iii. 258 in Brazil: — S. siphilitica, known to grow on the 

 Cassiquiare branch of the Orinoco (Pers., and Lindl.), is said to have been found farther South by 

 Martius, on the Rio Negro and at Yupura, and according to Pareira furnishes the Brazilian or 

 Lisbon sarsaparilla. 



" 1638, April 12th" (art de verif., and Thunb. trav. iv. 30), capture of the fortress of Sinabaro, in 

 which the Christians of Japan had all taken refuge. They were put to death, "thirty-seven thousand" 

 in number, and the extinction of Christianity in Japan completed. 



" In this year" (Linn fl. suec. p. viii), J. Frankenius publishing his " Speculum Botanicum : " in 

 which Swedish plants are for the first time enumerated, intermingled however with exotic. He men- 

 tions Chrysosplenium alternifolium 27, Rubus arcticus 14, Betula nana 32. — He published a Second 

 edition "in 1659," and died "in 1661." 



" April " (H. C. Murphy note to Vanderd. vertoogh 77), arrival of Swedes in the Delaware, where 

 they commenced a settlement and fort, notwithstanding the protest of the Dutch governor Kieft at 

 New Amsterdam. 



"May" (Hazard coll. i. 422, and Holmes), an order staying eight ships on the point of sailing: 

 by which, John Hampden, and Oliver Cromwell, among other persons, were prevented from coming to 

 New England. Before the close of the year (Pemberton, and Holmes), arrival in the Thames of the 

 first New England-built ship. 



"June 1st" (Holmes), a violent earthquake in New England, — long remembered in the annals 

 of the colony. 



"The same year" (Winthrop, and Holmes), legacy by John Harvard, a clergyman of Charles- 

 town, to the college founded the previous year ; and the name of " Cambridge " given to the site 

 selected. Josselyn voy. 29 arriving "July 3d " found Boston consisting of "not above twenty or thirty 

 houses." " Oct. nth," he was treated with "half a score very fair pippins " from Governor's Island 

 in Boston harbour, "there being not one apple tree nor pear planted yet in no part of the country but 

 upon that island." 



" The same year " ( . . . . ), at Gizeh, the coating of the Second pyramid continuing entire ; the 

 sides described by Greaves, as rising " not with degrees like " the First pyramid, " but are all of them 

 plain and smooth." — At the time of my own visit, the coating remained only on the apex. 



"The same year, Pedro de Silvoa being viceroy" (Krapf trav.), date of the above-mentioned 

 inscription over the gateway of the fortress at Mombas. 



" 1639 A. D." (Winthrop, and Holmes), the first printing-press in North America set up at Cam- 

 bridge. The settlers at Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield, three towns on the Connecticut, finding 

 themselves without the limits of the Massachusetts charter, conceived the idea of forming by voluntary 

 compact a distinct commonwealth: the constitution framed, — is much celebrated; and after being- 

 extended to all Connecticut, "has continued with little alteration to the present time " (Hazard coll. i. 

 437, and Holmes). 



"The same year" (Chalm., and Holmes), by king Charles, William Berkeley appointed governor 

 of Virginia, and civil privileges restored ; including "a provincial legislature, a regular administration 

 of justice a o-overnment of laws." In Maryland, the House of Assembly established ; its acts to be 

 " of the same force, as if the proprietary and freemen had been personally present : " in one of these 

 acts "the people " are defined, as consisting of all Christian inhabitants "slaves only excepted." — 

 Arriving in Virginia, Berkeley continued governor from " 1642-77 " (hist. Virg.). 



" 1640 A. D." (art de verif.), Murad IV. succeeded by Ibrahim, nineteenth Turkish sultan. Coins 

 of Ibrahim, issued at Cairo, are figured in Marcel p. 219. 



" In this year" (Krapf trav.), Portugal restored to independence by John IV. ; too late to save 



the colonies. . 



" In this year" (Spreng., and Prior), Parkinson publishing his Theatr., enumerating* Gladiolus 



* Polygonum acre of Northeast America. The American water-pepper, transported to Europe, 

 termed "polygonum persicaria acris of Virginia" by Parkinson herb., — described also by Kunth. 



