956 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



their stringed money, have great stakings town against town, and two chosen out of the rest by course 

 to play the game," they "have great meetings of foot-ball playing, only in summer, town against 

 town," at "which they have great stakings, but seldom quarrel : " they "will sometimes stake and 

 lose their money, clothes, house, corn, and themselves, if single persons ; they then become weary of 

 their lives, and ready to make away themselves." The " mocking between their great ones is a great 

 kindling of wars amongst them ; yet I have known some of their chiefs say, ' What should I hazard 

 the lives of my precious subjects, them and theirs, to kindle a fire which no man knows how far and 

 how long it will burn, for the barking of a dog : ' their wars are far less bloody than the cruel wars of 

 Europe, and seldom twenty slain in a pitched battle;" and yet, "all that are slain, are commonly slain 

 with great valour and courage, for the conqueror ventures into the thickest, and brings away the head 

 of his enemy." They have sweating-houses, "pesuponck, a hot house;" into which, after being 

 heated with fire on "a heap of stones in the middle," the men "ten, twelve, twenty, more or less, 

 enter at once stark naked ; " and " which doubtless is a great means of preserving them, and recover- 

 ing them from diseases:" in sickness, "their only drink in all their extremities is a little boiled 

 water." At "the first being sick, all the women and maids black their faces ; " and "upon the death 

 of the sick, the father, or husband, and all his neighbours, the men also, as the English, wear black 

 mourning clothes, wear black" faces ; " sequuttoi, he is in black, that is, he hath some dead in his 

 house : " as " they abound in lamentations for the dead, so they abound in consolation to the living," 

 using different expressions, " because they abhor to mention the dead by name ; and therefore if any 

 man bear the name of the dead, he changeth his name ; and if any stranger accidentally name him, 

 he is checked ; and if any wilfully name him he is fined ; and among states, the naming of their dead 

 sachims is one ground of their wars " (see Metacom) : " mockuttasuit, one of chief esteem, who 

 winds up in mats and coats, and buries the dead ; commonly some wise, grave, and well descended 

 man hath that office." 



" 1644, March 14th" (Hazard col. i. 538, and Holmes), by Roger Williams now in England, a char- 

 ter obtained for Rhode Island : incorporating the towns of Providence, Newport, and Portsmouth, and 

 conferring the power of governing themselves, but agreeably to the laws of England. The king tak- 

 ing the part of the banished colony, and declaring, "That he would experiment, whether civil govern- 

 ment could consist with such iibertie of conscience " (R. Williams in lett , hist. coll. i. p. 2S1). 



"The same year" (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth. 419), the rebel chieftain Li-tseu-tching, after 

 his capture of Pekin and the death of the Chinese emperor, defeated by the Mantchous under 

 Tsoung-te. Who thus became head of the new dynasty of the Tai-thsing. Dying almost immedi- 

 ately afterwards, Tsoung-te was succeeded as emperor by his son Chun-tchi ; a child under the guar- 

 dianship of an uncle, A-ma-van. 



"At this time" (chin, hist., and Klapr. mem. i. 9), the Russians furtively in possession of the 

 country on the Amoor, and had built there a palisaded town. 



"^1645 A. D." (Spreng.), the London Society, an academy of arts and sciences, founded by Theo- 

 dore Hake. (The founding of this society is placed by Blair in " 1(162, July 15th.") 



" In this year " (Jap. mann. 386), a Japanese vessel driven to the coast of Mandshuria, at Olan- 

 kai north of Corea. A piece of unprepared ginseng being offered them, some of the party, wishing to 

 see " the region where the ginseng grows," landed under the direction of three Mandshu guides, but 

 were ambushed, most of them slain, and " thirteen " survivors carried to Pekin. These were after- 

 wards told that ginseng " is. found only in two parts of the mountains between China and Corea," and 

 that "gatherers must begin by hunting the tigers." 



" 1646 A. D." (Hutchinson i. 161, and Holmes), in Massachusetts, the first legislative act to 

 encourage carrying the gospel to the natives. A mission was commenced " Oct. 28th " by John Eliot, 

 at Nonantum on the South side of Charles river. 



"The same year" (Anderson ii. 404, and»Holmes), by the English parliament, merchandise for 

 the colonies in America exempted from duty for three years; on condition, that the colonial exports 

 should be sent to foreign countries only in English ships. The beginning of the British Navigation 

 acts. 



_ _ "About October" (Flacourt ii. 8), in Madagascar, seventy-three Negroes employed about or 

 visiting Fort Dauphin kidnapped by Proms, put on board vessels, and sold most of them to the Dutch 

 governor of Mauritius.*- From this time, the Negroes would no longer approach the French settle- 

 ment while there was a vessel in the harbour. 



* Jushcia (Andrographis) paniculata of the West Indies. Growing on Cuba, St. Vincent and 

 Jamaica, in mountainous situations (Nees, and A. Dec). Carried from Mauritius to Southern Hin- 

 dustan, -and called in Sanscrit " kairata," in Tamul and Cannrese "kiriat," in colonial French 

 "create, in Cingalese "attadie " (Ainsw. mat. ind.), in Telinga " nella-vemgoo ," in Bengalee " kala- 



