OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 957 



"In this year" (Spreng.), Henr. Munting publishing his Hort. groning. cat., and in his Phyt. 

 mentions Prinos verticillatus pi. 51 (Linn. sp.). — He died " in 1658." 



"1647 A. D." (Gookin, and Holmes), aid against the Mohawks* solicited by the French of 

 Canada, and declined by the government of Massachusetts. A legislative act was passed, against 

 Jesuits. 



•'Towards 1648 " (art de verif.), Fide-tada succeeded by his son Iemitz or Ijetiruko, now emperor 

 of Japan. 



" 1648 A. D." (univ. hist., and Holmes), proposal from the New England colonists to the gov- 

 ernor and council of Canada, That there should be perpetual peace between the colonies, even though 

 their mother countries were at war. The proposal was accepted, on condition of assistance against 

 the Iroquois; and the negotiation fell through. "June" (Josselyn, and Hutch.), the first execution 

 in New England for the supposed crime of witchcraft ; Margaret Jones of Charlestown being the 

 victim. 



"The same year" (Marcel), Ibrahim succeeded by Mohammed IV., twentieth Turkish sultan. 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Jacob Bobart publishing his Indie, hort. Oxon., — and "in 1658" an 

 improved edition published. 



" Dec. 3d " (Flac. ii. 21), Stephan de Flacourt arriving at Fort Dauphin on Madagascar, super- 

 seding Pronis as French governor, and meeting with Carphalea corymbosa p. 137, Endrachyum 

 Madagascarense 137, Lisianthus trinervis 135. n. 87, Combretum purpureum 130. n. 42, Deidamia 

 alata 133. n. 70, Schizolaena rosea 130. n. 44, Euphorbia lophogona 138. n. 106, and Limonia Mada- 

 gascarensis 131 : —his Hist. Mad. was published at Paris "in 1661 " (Spreng.). 



" 1649 A - D." (Flac. ii. 21), the ship sent by Flacourt to Mascareigne Island and its name changed 

 to Bourbon. The island was found fertile, covered with beautiful woods of various kinds of trees 

 including palms, no undergrowth of bushes vines or thorny plants to impede walking, and land-tor- 

 toises of great size " extremement grosses " abounding ; there were no crocodiles, nor venomous ser- 

 pents, nor rats, nor mice, nor fleas, nor flies, nor mosquitos, nor ants ; swine were very numerous, 

 also goats "cabrits" on the hills (both of course introduced by previous visitors): Flacourt now 

 caused to be landed "four cows and a bull," — which in 1654 had increased to "more than thirty." 



"Jan. 30th" (Blair, Holmes, and Nicol. p. 340), in England, king Charles beheaded: and suc- 

 ceeded by a form of government termed the " Commonwealth ; " all power falling into the hands of 

 the people. The oaths of allegiance and supremacy were abolished ; the House of lords suppressed ; 

 and Oliver Cromwell declared captain general of the troops of the state. 



" At this time" (Robertson iii. 409, and Holmes), the Spanish settlements in America containing 

 "one patriarch, six archbishops, thirty-two bishops, three hundred and forty-six prebends, two abbots, 

 five royal chaplains, and eight hundred and forty convents." — New England in the following year, 

 contained " about forty churches " and " seven thousand seven hundred and fifty communicants " 

 (Stiles, and Holmes). 



"August" (H. C. Murphy introd. to transl. 5), the " Vertoogh van Nieu Nederland," a remon- 

 strance against director Stuyvesant and the mere trading policy of the government of New Neth- 

 erland, carried to Holland by a deputation consisting of Adrian Vanderdonck and two colleagues. 

 Among the productions of the new country, "post-oak " and "white rough bark" {Quercus obtusi- 

 loba), "grey bark" (Q. prinus ?), "black bark" (Q. tinctoria), and "butter oak the poorest of all 

 and not very valuable" (Q. rubra), "oil-nuts large and small" (Juglans nigra and J. citierea), 



meo-h" or "kalup-nath" or " muha-tita " (Lindl.) ; observed by Rheede ix. pi. 56 in Malabar; by 

 Graham, an "herbaceous plant common in gardens," called " kreat " or " kuriatoo " or "kulpa" or 

 "kala metee" or " mahatita," king of bitters, "and much used in medecine by the natives ;" observed 

 also in Hindustan by Burmann ind. 9, Roxburgh, and Wallich ; and according to Lindley. " has been 

 much celebrated as a stomachic, and used as a remedy for cholera and dysentery, and in intermittent 

 fevers," and "is the basis of a French mixture called 'drogue amere.'" Eastward, mentioned by 

 Mason v. p. 494 as "often confounded with Agathotes chirayta," but not seen by him in Burmah : 

 according however to Lindley, occurring in "dry places in the East Indies, beneath the shade of trees; 

 China." ° 



* Lobelia siphilitica of Northeast America. " Nearly two hundred years ago " (Pursh) " intro- 

 duced into Europe " on account of its supposed " medicinal virtues ; " — is described by Dodart 104, 

 and Morison 5. 5. f. 55 ; but its reputation according to Lindley has not been confirmed by " Euro- 

 pean practice." Westward, L. siphilitica was observed by Eaton as far as 44 on Lake Champlain ; 

 by McEuen, on the Genessee river ; was received by Muhlenberg from Kentucky, by Elliot from 

 the Alleghanies of Carolina and Georgia; was observed by myself frequent in the environs of Phila- 

 delphia, but seems unknown in Eastern New England. 



