958 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"water beech" {Carpinus Americana'), "common beech" and "beechnuts" {Fagus ferruginea), 

 "hedge beech " {Celtis Occidentalism), "axe-handle wood" (....)> " tw0 species of canoe wood" 



(Liriodendron tulipifera, and ), "linden" (Titia Americana), "willow" (Salix nigra), "thorn" 



(Cralcegus tomentosa), "elder" (Sambucus Canadensis), "plums but not many" {Primus Ameri- 

 cana), "black currants" (Ribes floridum), "gooseberries" (Grossularia hirtella), "small apples" 

 {Mains coronaria), "artichokes which grow under ground " {Helianthns tuberosus), "grapes " some 

 "very large" {Vitis labrusca)" and others small " {V. aestivalis), are enumerated: and of medicinal 

 plants, " the true snake-root " (Aris/olochia serpentaria), " Venus' hair " (Adianlum pedatutn), " hart's 

 tongue" {Scolopendrium officinarum), "lingwort" (Hudsonia ericoides), "polypody" {Polypodium 

 vul^are), "priest's shoe" (Cypripedium acaittef), "sea-beach orach" (Atriplex hasiata), "water 

 germander" {Teucrium Canadense), "tower-mustard" {Turritis glabra), "crowfoot" {Ranunculus 

 acris and R. repens). "crane's bill" {Geranium maculaium), "false eglantine" {Rosa Carolina?), 

 "laurel" {Kalmia latifolia), "violet" {Viola cucullata and V. sa&ttata), "blue flag" {Iris versi- 

 color), "wild indigo" or "indigo silvestris " {Baptisia tinctoria), " Solomon's seal" (Polygonatum 

 pubescens), " dragon's blood" {Sanguinaria Canadensis), "milfoil" (Achillea millefolium), "wild 

 lilies of different kinds" (L. superbum, L. Canadense, and L. Philadelphieum), "agrimony" (Agri- 

 monia eupatoria), " white mullein " (Verbascum thapsus introduced), " garden orach " (Atriplex hor- 

 tensis introd.), "plantain" (Plantago major introd.), "shepherd's purse" (Thlaspi bursa-pastoris 

 introd.), "mallows" (Mak>a rotundifolia introd.), "marsh-mallows" (Allhcea officinalis introd.), 

 "wild marjoram" (Origanum vulgare introd.), "Comfrey" (Symphytum officinale introd.), "blessed 

 thistle" (Cardials marianus introd.), and "tarragon" (Artemisia dracunculus cult.). 



" 1650, Oct. 3d" (Chalm., and Holmes), Charles II. although excluded from England, exercising 

 jurisdiction in Virginia and several West India islands, an ordinance by parliament ; Prohibiting trade 

 with Barbadoes, Virginia, Bermuda, and Antego. — A similar legisl ttive act was passed in the follow- 

 ing year in Massachusetts, until their "compliance with the Commonwealth of England," or further 

 order (Hazard coll. i 553). 



"In this year" (Spreng.), William How publishing his Phytolog. britann., an alphabetical Cat- 

 alogue of all the plants growing in England, "twelve hundred and twenty" in number: — he died "in 

 1656." A second edition was published by Christopher Merrett "in 1667" under the title of Pinax 

 britann., professedly increasing the number of plants to "fourteen hundred," but these were reduced 

 by Ray to " ten hundred and fifty." 



"Nov. 26th'' (Martini, and Pauth. 421 to 431), surrender of Canton, leaving the Mantchous 

 undisputed masters of all China. P. Gabriel de Magalhan at this time in China, and from official 

 documents consulted by him, the population under the first Mantchou emperors found to include 

 " 1 1,502,872 families and 59,788,364 males ; " there being also " 272 libraries and 3,636 distinguished 

 men." 



In or about 1650 (=1680 — "30 years," art de verif.), Iemitz succeeded by Jetznako, now 

 emperor of Japan ; — and who reigned " thirty " years. 



"1651 A. D." (Pauth. 432), in China, death of the regent A-ma-van, and the cares of govern- 

 ment assumed by Chun-tchi. A Jesuit missionary P. Adam Schaal, was placed by Chun-tchi at the 

 head of the tribunal of mathematics, To reform the Chinese astronomy upon the European methods. 



" In this year," John Endicott chosen governor, and Tho. Dudley deputy governor " of the Eng- 

 lish inhabiting the colony of the Mattachusets." The latest date in the "Wonder-working Provi- 

 dence," attributed to Edward Johnson of Woburn, — and published in London in 1654. 



"The same year" (Robertson ix. Ill, and Holmes), by the parliament of England, a noted 

 Navigation act: Prohibiting imports from Asia, Africa, or America, "in any but English built ships, 

 and belonging either to English or English plantation subjects, navigated also by an English com- 

 mander, and three fourths of the sailors to be Englishmen ; excepting" imports "from the original 

 place of their growth or manufacture in Europe solely." 



" 1652, March 12th" (Hazard coll. i. 560, and Holmes), by an English squadron, Virginia "the 

 last of all the king's dominions " reduced to obedience. The government of Maryland was also taken 

 from Lord Baltimore, for disloyalty to the "Commonwealth." 



"Nov. 22d" (Hazard coll. i. 575, and Holmes), the inhabitants of Maine at their own request 

 taken under the protection of Massachusetts : sending from this time deputies to the legislature. 

 Also "upon occasion of much counterfeit brought in the country" (Hull diar., Hutch., archaeol. Amer. 

 iii. p. 145), money first coined in New England. John Hull was appointed mint-master; — and on 

 all the successive issues for " thirty years," the date " 1652 " was continued (Holmes). 



"The same year" (relat. Jes. praef.), in ascending the Saguenay, lake St. John called by the 

 natives Pacouagami, discovered by the Jesuit Jean Dequen. 



" The same year " (Spreng.), the Academia Curiosorum of Germany founded by Io. Laur. 

 Bausch. 



