OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 959 



" 1653, Dec. 16th" (Nicol. p. 341), in England, the supreme authority seized by Oliver Crom- 

 well : now entitled " Protector of the Commonwealth." 



" The same year," Navarrete at Manila. 



"1654 A. D. (= 2314th of Synmu," art de verif.), Gotto-mio succeeded by his third brother 

 Simn, now dairo of Japan. 



''The same year" (Chalm., and Holmes), by an English fleet, reduction of "the country from 

 Penobscot to Port Royal ; " including the French forts about the river St. Johns. — The territory in 

 question was confirmed in the following year to England. 



"The same year" (Spreng. rei herb.), oxygen gas discovered by Rad. Bathurst and Nathan 

 Henshaw. 



. " In this year " (Spreng., and Winckl), Johann Loesel publishing his Plant. Boruss. sponte nasc, 

 enumerating * Hierochloa Borealis m. n. 26, Carex canascens or curta 117. n. 32, Hypnutn crista- 

 castrensis 167. n. 42, H. recognition 167. n. 43, Fontinalis antipyretica 173. n. 53, Jun^ermannia 

 asplenioides 167. n. 45, Cyathus striates 98. n. 16, C. olla 98. n. 16, and Clavaria alvearis 99. n. 17. 

 — He died "in 1656," and an improved edition under the name of Flor. Pruss. was published by 

 Gottsched "in 1703." 



Koeleria cristata of Northern climates. A grass described by Loesel no. n. 22 — (Spreng.) ; 

 termed "gramen spica cristata hirsuta " by Tournefort inst. 519, " aira cristata" by Linna;us sp. 

 plant. 94, and known to grow from Sweden, Russia, and Ireland to the Mediterranean (Engl. bot. 

 pi. 648, and Wats.) : received by Richard from Switzerland (Pers.) ; observed by Sibthorp in the 

 Peloponnesus, by Chaubard, covering the stony summits of mount Diaforti ; known to grow also on 

 Caucasus and in Siberia (Kunth). Farther East, was received by Pursh from the Columbia river; 

 was observed by Nuttall from the Red river to the Arkansas and Missouri; by E. James, on the 

 Lower Missouri ; and according to A. Gray, grows on dry hills from Illinois as far as Pennsylvania. 



"1655, March 25th" (Humb. cosm. ii. and iv.), a satellite of Saturn discovered by Huygens, by 

 means of an object-glass polished by himself: the sixth in the order of distance — as afterwards 

 appeared. 



" May 2d " (Blair, and Holmes), by an English fleet under Penn, landing of a force on Jamaica ; 

 and possession soon obtained of the whole island. 



"Sept. 16th" (Smith, and Holmes), Fort Casimir on the Delaware, captured from the Swedes 

 by the Dutch under governor Stuyvesant. — The site is at the present day called " Newcastle " 



" In this year" (Spreng.), after the first issue of " 1653," Brunyer publishing a second edition of 

 his Hort. Blesensis. 



"1656, July" (Chalmers i. 190, Hazard i. 630 to 638, and Holmes), Quakers make their first 

 appearance in New England, coming from Barbadoes : being regarded as hostile to civil order and 

 Christian truth, they were banished from Massachusetts to the number of "twelve" by the legisla- 

 ture. Proposal of Cromwell for the removal of colonists to Jamaica, declined by the same legislature. 



" In this year" (Spreng.), publication of the Museum Tradescantianum, in which are enumerated 

 Jasmin urn odoratissim urn ■ 



"The same year" (Ait.), John Tradescant the younger in Virginia, meeting with Henchera 

 Americana (Spreng.). — He died "in 1662" (biogr. univ.). 



Lonicera sempervirens of the Marginal alluvial of Northeast America. The coral or trumpet 

 honeysuckle observed by Tradescant in Virginia — (Spreng.) ; transported to Europe is described by 

 Hermann lugd. pi. 483, and Miller; continues to be cultivated for ornament, as far even as Bombay, 

 where it was found by Graham "in gardens pretty common." Westward, according to A. Gray, 

 grows wild as far as 40 40', "copses, New York, near the city;" was observed by myself at 40 

 in the New Jersey forest, and frequent throughout the forest at 32 beyond Charleston ; by Schweinitz, 

 at 36 near Salem in Upper Carolina ; by Croom, wild near Newbern and as far as 30 30' in Florida ; 

 by N. A. Ware, also in Florida. 



* Potentilla Norwegica of North America. Termed "quinquefolium hirsutum luteum paucioribus 

 laciniis '' by Loesel pruss. pi. 70, — " trifolium norwegicum majus serratum foliis crenatis flore luteo " 

 by Kyllingius (in Act. Hafn. for 1673 pi. 346), and known to occur in waste and fallow ground in 

 Northern Europe and Siberia (Moris, ii. 2. pi. 20, fl. Dan. pi. 171, Pers., and Dec): observed by 

 Linnsus abounding on the Dalekarlian mountains, but in cultivated ground in other parts of Sweden, 

 havino- mio-rated from Norway. Westward, according to Hooker, grows from Labrador and 65° at 

 Bear Lake to the mouth of the Columbia and throughout Canada; was observed by myself, from 45° 

 to 38 alono- the Atlantic, often in marshes and wild situations, but multiplying in clearings and 

 becoming a weed in cultivated ground ; by Pursh, from Canada to New York ; by Short, in Ken- 

 tucky ; by Nuttall, on the Arkansas ; by Beck, on the Mississippi near St. Louis ; by Long's Expedi- 

 tion ii., as far up as the St. Peter's (Schw.) : but probably an introduced weed on " Charleston neck " 

 (Ell.), and in other "waste places" in our Southern States (Chapm.). 



