960 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"The same year = 13th of Chun-tchi" (Pauth. 443), edict by the Chinese emperor against 

 Christian missionaries. At Pekin (Pauth 432), first arrival of a Russian ambassador: but refusing 

 compliance with the ceremonies of introduction, he was not received at Court. The Dutch ambassa- 

 dor was in like manner unsuccessful : the commander of the Chinese fleet, abandoning further 

 resistance to the Mantchous, having withdrawn to Formosa and dispossessed the Dutch. 



"The same year" (Blair), by Huygens, the pendulum applied to clocks, a great improvement. 



In the poem attributed to Governor Bradford (hist. coll. iii. p. 77), mention is made of fruit trees 

 now bearing in New England: "pars, cherries, plumbs, quinces, and peach;" also, of "the fair 

 white lily" (Lilium candidum) "and sweet fragrant rose" {Rosa rubiginosd) ; and of additional 

 garden herbs, as "skirets" (Stum sisarum), "beets, coleworts and fair cabbages" (Brassica 

 oleraced) . 



" 1657 A. D." (Belknap i. 160, and Holmes), by the Massachusetts legislature a licence to cer- 

 tain persons to supply the Eastern natives with arms and ammunition for hunting, on paying an 

 acknowledgment. Death of Governor William Bradford ; " the very prop and glory of Plymouth 

 colony during all the whole series of changes that passed over it " (Hubbard 62). 



" December 17th " (Humb. cosm. iv ), the real form of the ring of Saturn made out by Huygens. 

 — The eighth or outermost satellite was discovered by Cassini in " October 1671 ; " the fifth, by him 

 "Dec. 23d 1672 ;" the third and fourth, by him at the "end of March 1684; '" the first, by Herschel 

 "Aug. 28th 1789 ; " the second, by him on the following " Sept 17th;" and the seventh, by " Bond 

 at Cambridge U. S. Sept. 16 to 19 " and " Lassell at Liverpool Sept. 19 to 20, 1848." 



" 1658 A. D." (Churchill coll.), at Macasar in Celebes, Fernandez Navarrete vi. 8 found an am- 

 bassador from the " great nababo of Golconda " in Hindustan. Showing commercial relations; and 

 that the people of Celebes had already acquired political importance. 



A bird of paradise (Paradisea) was seen by Navarrete at Terranate : and at Macassar, many 

 "cacatua" (cockatoos, I'sittacus), all white, easily made tame and learned to talk. — Dampier bought 

 cockatoos at the island of Bouton, farther South (both kinds of birds having of course been brought 

 originally from the Eastward). 



" In this year " (Krapf trav. 521-9), Muscat recaptured from the Portuguese by the Arabs under 

 Sultan bin Seif bin Malik. 



" Sept. 3d and 13th, Friday" (Nicol.), death of Oliver Cromwell. Who was succeeded as " Pro- 

 tector" by his son Richard. 



" In this year '' (Smith ed. fl. lapp.), Olaus Rudbeck publishing his Cat. hort. Upsal., enumerating 

 Pcdicularis sceptrum-caroliuum 4. 



" 1659 A. D." (Chalm., and Holmes), Charles II., although excluded from England, proclaimed 

 king by the Virginia colonists. The Spanish town of Campeachy captured by the English under 

 Christopher Mims (Harris voy. ii. 903). 



"The same year" (Hazard coll. ii. 565 to 572), in Massachusetts, William Robinson and Mar- 

 maduke Stephenson, Quakers, returning "after banishment upon pain of death," were executed. 

 Mary Dyer, a Quakeress, was reprieved on condition of leaving the jurisdiction : — but she returned 

 in the following year, and was executed. 



" 1660, May 29th " (Blair, and Nicol.), Richard Cromwell having resigned, the " Commonwealth " 

 succeeded by the restoration of monarchy, with Charles II. as king. By the English parliament, the 

 Navigation act was rendered more stringent : the export of various colonial products to countries not 

 belonging to England, being prohibited. 



In Denmark (Blair), the government was in this year made absolute. 



"July" (Chalm., and Holmes), arrival at Boston of Whalley and Goffe, regicide judges: having 

 left England before the Restoration, they did not at first conce'al themselves. New England, Mary- 

 land, and Virginia, at this time "the only English colonies on the American continent;" and esti- 

 mated to contain "no more than eighty thousand inhabitants" (Chalm. i. 239). 



"The same year" (Maunder), Shah Jehan dethroned by his son Aurungzebe, now emperor of 

 Northern Hindustan. 



" 1661 A. D." (Chalm., and Holmes), by the governor and legislature of Massachusetts, Charles 

 II. formally acknowledged king. In accordance with a letter from him, the penal laws against 

 Quakers were suspended : on which occasion, " twenty-eight" Quakers were released from prison and 

 conducted beyond the jurisdiction of Massachusetts (Hazard ii. 595). The translation by John Eliot 

 of the New Testament into the aboriginal language, completed in this year, and printed. 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Gabr. Grisley at Lisbon, publishing his Vindar. Lusitan., enumerating 

 Myrica Faya (of Madeira) 305, Salvia polymorpha 751-5, Gratiola linifdia 698, Iris Litsitanica 

 1560, Milium miiltijlonim 692, Avena pollens 601, Hordcum hystrix 639, Exaeum filiforme 310, 

 Konea nigricans 97, A naga/lis parviflora 92, Parietaria platyphyllos 11 11, Anagallis linifolia SS, 

 Verbascum blattarioides 202, Echium plantagineum 449, Eryngium ilicifolmm 476, E. odoratum 479, 



