OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 969 



into a spike, beset about with flowers like sow-thistle, of a blew or azure colour" (Mulgedium 

 leucophceuni) p. 74. 



The following plants enumerated by Josselyn as common to Europe and New England : " hedge- 

 hog grass " (Carex flava) rar. p. 41 ; " mattweed " (Psamma armaria) ; " cat's-tail " (Tvpha latifolia) ; 

 " wild sorrel " (Acetosa acetosella) p. 42 ; " adder's-tongue " (Ophioglossum vulgatum) ; "one-blade " 

 (Smilacina bifolia) ; " water-plantane " (Alisma plantago), "bears feed much upon this plant, so do 

 the moose-deer ; sea-plantane, three kinds " {Plan/ago maritima, P- major in salt marshes ? and 

 Triglochin maritimuiii) p. 43 ; "soda bariglia, or massacote, the ashes of soda, of which they make 

 glasses " (Salsola kali) p. 44 ; " glass-wort, here called berrelia, it grows abundantly in salt marshes " 

 (Salicornia herbacca) ; "egrimony" (Agrimonia etipatoria) ; "the lesser clot-bur" (Xanlhium 

 strumarium) ; " yarrow, with the white flower " {Achillea millefolium) p. 46 ; " goose-grass, or clivers " 

 (Galium parine) p. 47 ; " fearn " (A thyrium filix-fosmina, Aspidium spinulosum and A . thelypteris) ; 

 "brakes" (Pteris aquilina) ; "dew-grass" (Drosera rolundifolia, and D. longifolia) ; "blew-flow- 

 ered pimpernel" {Veronica anagallis) p. 48 ; "noble liverwort, one sort with white flowers, the other 

 with blew" (Hepatica triloba); "gaul, or noble mirtle " (Mvrica gale) p. 49; "bastard calamus 

 aromaticus " (Acorus calamus) p. 53; " knot-berry, or clowde-berry, seldom ripe" (Rubus chama- 

 morus) p. 60; "pirola, or winter-green, that kind which grows with us in England is common" 

 (Pyrola rolundifolia) p. 67 ; and "red cumins " (Ribes rubrum) p. 51. 



The following plants according to Josselyn brought by European colonists to New England: 

 " arsmart, both kinds " (Polygonum hydropiper, and P. persicaria, see above) p. 43 ; " St. John's- 

 wort " (Hypericum perforatum, see above) p. 44 ; " cat-mint " (Nepeta cataria) ; " herb Robert " 

 (Geranium Robcrlianum) p. 45 ; " oak of Hierusalem "' (Chenopodium botrys) p. 46 and 56 ; " toad- 

 flax " (Linaria "vulgaris) p. 48 ; " pellamount, or mountain-time " (Thymus serpyllum) ; and " water- 

 mellon " p. 57. Of plants expressly enumerated as having " sprung up since the English planted and 

 kept cattle in New England " p. 85 : " nettles stinging, which was the first plant taken notice of" (Urtica 

 diyica) ; "couch-grass" (Ho'.cus lanatus); " shepherd's-purse " (Capsella bursa-pastoris) ; "dan- 

 delion" (Taraxacum dens-leonis) ; "groundsel" (Senecio vulgaris); "sow-thistle" (Sonchus olera- 

 ceus) ; " wild arrach " (Atriplex hortensis) ; " nightshade, with the white flower " (Solatium nigrum) ; 

 " mallowes " (Malva rotundifolid) ; " black henbane " (Hyoscyamus niger) ; " wormwood " (Artemi- 

 sia absynthium) ; " sharp-pointed dock " (Rumex crispus) ; " patience " (R. patientia, see below) ; 

 " bloodwort " (R. sanguineus, see below) ; "and, I suspect, adder's-tongue" (Ophioglossum vulga- 

 tum) ; " knot-grass " (Polygonum aviculare) ; " cheek- weed " (Stellaria media) ; " compherie, with 

 the white flower " (Symphytum officinale) ; " may-weed, excellent for the mother, some of our Eng- 

 lish housewives call it iron-wort, and make a good unguent for old sores "(Manila cotula) ; " the 

 great clot-bur " (Arctium lappa) ; and " mullin, with the white flower " (Verbascum blattaria). 



Of additional " garden-herbs " under cultivation : " lettice " (Lactuca scariola) ; " parsley " 

 (Petroselinum sativum) ; " marygold " (Calendula officinalis) ; " French mallowes " (Altha>a offici- 

 nalis) ; "chervel" (Anthriscus cerefolium) ; " burnet " (Poterium sanguisorba) ; "winter savory" 

 (....); " summer savory " (Satureja hortensis) ; "time" (Thymus vulgaris) ; "sage" (Salvia 

 officinalis) ; " parsnips, of a prodigious size " (Pastinaca sativa) ; " garden beans " (Faba vulgaris) ; 

 " oats," and " naked oats, there called silpee, an excellent grain, used instead of oat-meal " (Arena 

 saliva and var. nuda) ; " rew will hardly grow " (Ruta graveolens) ; " fetherfew prospereth exceed- 

 ingly" (Matricaria p.irthenium) ; "southern wood is no plant for this country" (Artemisia abrota- 

 uum), "nor rosemary" (Rosmarinus officinalis), "nor bayes " (Taurus nobilis); "white satten 

 croweth pretty well " (Lunaria rediviva), " so doth lavender-cotton" (Santolina chamcecyparissus) ; 

 " but lavender is not for the climate " (Lavandula vera) ; " pennyroyal " (Mentha pulegium) ; " smal- 

 led^e " (Apium graveolens); "ground-ivy, or ale-hoof" (Nepeta glechoma) ; " gilly-flowers will 

 continue two years" (Afat/hiola incatia and Cheiranthus chei'ri) ; "fennel must be taken up, and 

 kept in a warm cellar all winter" (Foeniculum vulgare, see below) ; " houseleek prospereth notably" 

 (Sempervivum tectornm) ; " hollyhocks " (Althcea rosea) ; " enula campagna, in two years' time, the 

 roots rot" (Inula helcnium); "coriander" (Coriandrum sativum) "and dill" (A ' nethum graveolens) 

 " and annis thrive exceedingly " (Sison anisum), " but annis-seed, as also the seed of fennel, seldom 

 come to maturity" (see above); " clary never lasts but one summer, the roots rot with the frost" 

 (Salvia sclarea) ; " spiragus thrives exceedingly " (Asparagus officinalis), " so does garden-sorrel " 

 (Ace'osa acetosa), " and sweet-bryer, or eglantine " (Rosa rubiginosa) ; "bloodwort but sorrily" (Ru- 

 mex sanguineus, see above) ; "but patience" (R. pjtientia, see above), "and English roses very 

 pleasantly " (Rosa canina and others) ; " celandine, by the west-countrymen called kenningwort, 

 o-rows but slowly" (Chehdonium majus) ; " muschata as well as in England" (Malva moschata) ; 

 " dittander, or pe'pperwort, flourisheth notably" (Lcpidium latifolium), " and so doth tansie " (Tana- 

 cetum vulgare). And of additional fruit-trees : "quinces, cherries, damsons set the dames a work, 

 marmalad and preserved damsons is to be met with in every house " (Primus domeslica) ; and " bar- 

 berry-trees " (Berberis vulgaris). 



