gjg CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



bergs, "and abundance of snow, frost, and whales, and called a small place he found the Duke of 

 York's Island. Thus he came into the " Atlantic by " a new way, and made it appear that the land " 

 on the East side of the Strait of Le Maire was insular, and " not joined to any continent." 



"1681, March 4th" (Proud i. 171 to 187, and Holmes), a charter granted by Charles II. to \\ il- 

 liam Penn, for a new province'named '• Pennsylvania." After "July nth," three ships sailed with 

 colonists : and some of these arriving in the Delaware, commenced a settlement above the confluence 

 with the Schuylkill. 



" 16S2 A. D." (Proud i. 196, and Holmes), the ri.trht and interest of the Duke of York in the terri- 

 tory on the West side of Delaware Bay, procured by William Penn : who on " Oct. 24th " landed at 

 Newcastle. — The origin of the State of Delaware. 



The banks of the Delaware already inhabited by " three thousand " colonists, Swedes, Dutch, 

 Finlanders, and English (Chalm. i. 643). Proceeding to Upland (Chester), William Penn called an 

 assembly " Dec. 4th ; " the foreigners were naturalized, and the body of laws brought by him were 

 formally adopted. After making a treaty with the natives, and purchasing territory, Penn proceeded 

 with a surveyor to lay out above the confluence with the Schuylkill his projected city of " Phila- 

 delphia." The first settlers were generally Quakers, who had suffered persecution : — and within 

 less than a year, "eighty houses and cottages " were built (Proud, Chalm., and Holmes). 



" The same year " (Charlev.. and Holmes), M. de la Sale descending the .Mississippi to the sea, 

 formally took possession of all the country watered by that river, and in honour of Louis XIV. named 

 it " Louisiana." 



" In this year" (Winckl), George Wheeler publishing his Travels in Greece, enumerating 

 Hypericum Olympicum 222. 



" In this year" (append. Sibth., and Spreng.), Chr. Mentzel publishing his Pugill. rar. plant., 

 enumerating Centunculus minimus pi. 7, Silene chlorantha pi. 2. f. 1, Massonia latifolia pi. 13. f. 4, 

 I'dihdmia viridiflora pi. 13. f. 5, Qrnilhogalum altissimum pi. 13. f. 2, Hdiaiitkcmum Appeninum 

 pi. 8. f. 3. — He died "in 1701," and his Lex. was published "in 1715." 



In this year (see Spreng.), M orison writing the third volume of his Hist plant., enumerating Zizi- 

 phora thymoiaes iii. 11. pi. 19. f. 6, Salvia colorata iii. n. 16. f. ult., .9. lyrata iii. II. 13. 27, 3". urticae- 

 fu.'ia iii. II. 13. 51, -S". ludica iii. 11. 13. f. 16, Fedia mixta iii. 7. 16. 35, F. discoidca iii. 7. 16. f. 29, 

 Afelica spedosa iii. 8. 7. 51, Clitoris radiata iii. 8. 3. 15, EragrosUs 1 igida iii. 8. 2. q^Festuca loliacea 

 iii. 8. 2. 2, F. caespitosa iii. 8. 7. 19, Bromus asper iii. S. 7. f. 27, B. Madritcnsis iii. 8. 7. f. 13, Triti- 

 cum tenellum iii. 8. 2. 3, Lolium arvense iii. 8. 2. 1, Hordeum maritimum iii. 8. 6. 5, Cephalaria 

 Transylvanica iii. 6. 13. 13, 1'lantago stricta iii. 8. 17. 2, Omphalodes linifolia iii. 11. 30. 11, Ellis ia 

 nyctdaea iii. II. 28. 3, Cvnanchum hirsutum iii. 15 3. 61, Gcntiana saponaria iii. I. 5. 4, Eryngium 

 coeruleum iii. 7. 37. 13, Jtincus sitbverticillatus iii. 8. 9. 4, J. lampocarpus iii. 8. 9. 2, Saxifraga 

 punctata iii. 12. 9. 17, 1 halictrum rngositnt iii. 9. 20. f. 3, T. Calabricum iii. 9. 20. f. 16, Teucriitm 

 Nissolianum iii. II. 22. 19, Cleonia Lusitanica iii. II. 5. 4, Scorzoncra lana.a iii. 7. 6. 17, Liatrit 

 squarrosa iii. 7. 27. 10, Serratula cynaroidcs iii. 7. 25. 2, Carthamus lingitanus iii. 7. 34. 19, Bid-.ns 

 frondosa iii. 6. 5. 21, Gnaphalium polycephalum iii. 7. 10. 19, Xeranthemnm cylindrical/! iii. 6. 12 1, 

 Conyza cinerea iii. 7. 17. 7, Helianthus altissimus iii. 6 7. 67, //. divadcatus iii. 6. 7. f. 66, Rudbeckta 

 digitata iii. 6. 6. 54, Silphium trifoliaium iii. 6. 3. 68, Aristolchia anguicida iii. 12. 17. 7, Ambrosia 

 trifida iii. 6. 1. 4, Botrychium matricarioidcs iii. 14. 5. 26, Polypodium incanum iii. 14. 2. 5, Asple- 

 nium polypodioides iii. 14. 2. f. 12, A. angustifolium iii. 14. 2. 25, Fiicus articulatiis iii. 15 8. f. 6, 

 Littorella lacustris iii. 8. pi. 9,* Camptosorus rhisophyllus iii. 14. 5. f. 14, Aspleiiium cbcncum iii 14. 



* Heliotropium Curassavicum of the seashore of Tropical and Subtropical America. A pros- 

 trate annual, transported to Europe, described by Morison xi. pi. 31, — Plukenet aim. pi. 36, and has 

 become naturalized near Montpelier, Narbonne, Collioure, and Cette (Treviran., Martins, and A. Dec). 

 Westward, is known to grow near Norfolk (A. Gray); has been observed by myself from Lat. 39, wild 

 on the seashore of the Delaware peninsula ; by Elliot, near salt water in South Carolina; by Chap- 

 man, " Florida to North Carolina; " by Nuttall, on the Missouri, and along Salt river of Arkansas ; 

 by E. James, on salines along the Platte ; according to Torrey, grows at Key West ; according to 

 Kunth, on salines near Mexico, and along the Pacific as far as Truxillo and Callao. 



Cynoglossum Morisoui of Northeast America. A branching herb, transported to Europe, 

 described by Morison iii. 11. pi. 30, — and Linnasus. Westward, observed by myself from 42 30' 

 along the Atlantic, growing in the forest ; by A Gray, " copses, common " in central New York ; by 

 Pursh, in Virginia and Carolina; by Elliot, and Chapman, "in the upper districts of South Carolina." 



Pulmonaria (Mertensia) Virgiiiica of the Ohio and its tributaries. The American lungwort, 

 transported to Europe, is described by Morison iii. 444, — Plukenet aim. pi. 227 (Linn.), and Roth ; 

 and escaping from cultivation, has been found in Britain on ruins near Netley abbey (Nicholls, 



