9 8o CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Carexflacca of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Morison iii. 8. 12. f. [4 

 — (Spreng.), Schreber, and Schkuhr 117. t. O. f. 57; termed " c. glauca" by Scopoli as observed 

 in Carniolia, " c. recurva " by Hudson ; known to grow from Denmark throughout middle Europe 

 (fi. Dan. pl.1051, Engl. bot. pi. 1506, and Pers.) ; observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the 

 subalpine portion of the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. Westward, was observed by Collins, and 

 Knieskern, in the " marshes of New Jersey, near the coast " (J. Carey), " Cape May " according to 

 Torrey ; by Curtis, in "marshes, Alabama to North Carolina" (Chapm.). 



Carex sylvatica of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A woodland sedge described by 

 Morison iii. 8. 12. 18— (Spreng.) ; termed " cyperoides sylvarum tenuius spicatum " by Tournefort 

 inst. 530; and known to grow from Sweden to the Mediterranean : observed by Decandolle in France; 

 by Sibthorp, in woods in the environs of Constantinople. 



Carex capitala of the Arctic region and alpine summits farther South. Described by Morison 



iii. 8. 12. f. 6, and Schkuhr 80; observed by Linnaeus in Lapland and Norway; and known to 



grow in the alpine portion of Switzerland (A. Dec). Westward, was observed by Hooker on 

 Iceland ; by Robbins and Oakes, on the alpine summits of the White mountains of New England 



(A. Gray). 



Carex distans of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Morison iii. 8. 12. 



iS (Spreng.) ; termed "cyperoides spicis parvis longe distantibus " by Tournefort inst. 530 ; and 



known to grow from Denmark throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan pi. 1049, Engl. bot. pi. 1234, and 

 Pers.) : observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent in marshes in the Peloponnesus. 



Festuca elatior of Northern Europe and Asia. Described by Morison iii. 8. pi. 2, — and Lin- 

 naeus; termed " gramen paniculatum arundinaceum spica multiplici " by Tournefort inst. 523; and 

 known to grow throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Sweden and Iceland (Pers., Curt, 

 lond. vi. pi. 7, Hook., and Wats.). Farther East, observed by Sibthorp in the environs of Constan- 

 tinople; by Bieberstein, along the Taurian mountains; and by Gmelin in Siberia (Spreng.). By 

 European colonists, carried to Northeast America, where it has become naturalized in our Northern 

 States, occurring not only in grass-grown clearings, but in wild situations within the border of the 

 forest. 



Alopecurus pratensis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Morison iii. 

 8. pi. 4 — (Spreng.), and Linnoeus ; termed "gramen spicatum spica cylindracea longioribus villis 

 donata" by Tournefort inst. 520 ; known to grow throughout middle Europe, and in Britain called 

 foxtail grass (Pers., Weinm., Curt. lond. v. pi. 5, and Prior) : farther East, observed by Sibthorp 

 growing around Athens and on Cyprus. By European colonists, carried to Northeast America, where 

 besides being cultivated it has become naturalized, growing in waste ground and on the margin of the 

 forest in our Northern States. 



" 1683, Sept. 2d " (Blair), siege of Vienna abandoned by the Turks. 



" The same year" (Proud i. 219, and Holmes), about " twenty families " of German Quakers from 

 the Palatinate, establishing themselves seven miles from Philadelphia, named their settlement " Ger- 

 mantown." Other Quakers of the original stock of the society in Wales, established themselves in 

 Pennsylvania at a place named by them "North Wales " 



"In this year" (Klapr. mem. i. 325), the Chinese, aided by the Dutch, obtain possession of all 

 the Northwest coast of Formosa. 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Jacob Sutherland publishing his Cat. hort. Edin., enumerating Scabiosa 

 graminifolia, Verbascum ferruginaim, Ribes (Grossularia) reclinata, Paronychia capitata, Iinpera- 

 toria verticillaris. 



Amygdalus nana of the Uralian and Mongolian plains. A shrub enumerated by Sutherland — 

 (Spreng.) ; termed "a. indica nana" by Tournefort inst. 627: observed by Sibthorp on the declivity 

 of mount Haemus ; by Baumgarten in Transylvania; by Gmelin, and Pallas trav. i. 125 to iv. 370, 

 from 55 on the Volga to the Upper Selenga. Transported to Northeast America, the double-flowered 

 variety has become frequent in gardens. 



" In this year" (Winckler), Johannes Commelyn publishing his Plant, indig. Holl. 



" 1684 A. D. = 23d year of Khang-hi " (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Seventy-third 

 cycle. To Khang-hi (Pauth. 436), the island of Formosa surrendered by a son of the above-men- 

 tioned pirate chief. 



" In the 23d year of his own reign," according to Khang-hi, the magnetic needle at Pekin declined 

 " three degrees : " — but now only " two and a half " (Cibot in mem Chin. iv.). 



"June 1 8th " (Hutch, i. 340, Chalm , and Holmes), by the high court of chancery in England, 

 the charter of Massachusetts declared forfeited. Philadelphia already containing '' nearly three hun- 

 dred houses, and two thousand inhabitants" (Belknap ii. 424, and Proud i. 2S8). 



June 22~3d (pref., and lett. 7), after arriving at Quebec in the previous " November," Lahontan 

 at the ave of sixteen leaving Montreal for Lake Ontario. — " Nov. 20th, 1690 " (lett. 20), he sailed from 

 the St. Lawrence for France. 



