OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 989 



cum 12. 2, Euphorbia Portlandica 24. 6, Astragalus hypoglottis T2. 3, Trifolium striatum 13. 3, and 

 Geastrum rufescens 1. 1, Pyrola minor angl. iii. p. 363. 



Sagma erecta of Northern Europe. A vernal annual described by Ray 15. 4— -(Spreng.) ; termed 

 "moenchia quaternella" by Ehrhart ; observed by Moench in Germany; by Baumgarten, in Transyl- 

 vania (Steud.) ; and known to grow in Britain and France (Eng. bot. pi. 609, and Lam. fl. fr.). By 

 European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, has been found "near Baltimore, in dry 

 ground" (A. Gray). 



Chenopodium serotinum of the Uralian plains. An annual termed " blitum ficus folio " by Ray 

 angl. ni. p. 155 — (Linn) : observed by Pallas trav. i. 53 along the Volga; known to grow also in 

 Siberia, and Westward occurring as far as Britain, France, and Spain (Pers.). 



Phleum arenarium of the seashore of Europe and the Mediterranean countries. Termed 

 "gramen typhinum maritimum minus" by Ray angl. iii. 398, — and Plukenet aim. pi. 33 (Linn.), 

 "gramen spicatum maritimum minimum spica cylindracea " by Tournefort inst. 520, and known to 

 grow along the Atlantic shore of Europe (Engl. bot. pi. 222, and Pers.) : observed by Linnaeus in 

 Sweden as far as Scania ; by Desfontaines i. 61, in the maritime sand of Barbary ; by Sibthorp, fre- 

 quent around the Greek islands. 



" In this year" (append. Sibth , and Spreng.), Rivinus publishing his Introd. in rem. herb., and 

 his Monop., enumerating Salvia virgata, Teucrium campanulatum, T. Orientate, and Linaria Chale- 

 pensis. 



'' Sept. 23d " (Thunb., and Spreng.), after visiting Persia in " 1683," and proceeding by way of the 

 Persian Gulf in " 1689," Kaempfer arriving in Japan, meeting wilh Mats pumila am. 805, F. erecta pi. 4, 

 Skimmia Japonica pi. 5, VVeigelia Japonica pi. 45, Aralia Japonica pi. 10, Daphne odora pi. 16, 

 Hydrangea hortensis am. 854, Convallaria Japonica am. 824, Phytolacca octandra am. 829, Magnolia 

 kobus pi. 42, M. obovata pi. 43. 44, Bignonia grandiflora pi. 21, Clerodendron trichotomum pi. 22, 

 Dolichos cullratiis pi. 25, D. incurvus pi. 39, D. angularis pi. 40, Citrus trifoliata am. 802, Aster 

 hispidus pi. 29, Inula Japonica pi. 30, Vanilla angustifolia am. 869 f. 1, Aerides arachnites 869 f. 2, 

 Dendrobium moniliforme am. S65, Aristolochia Kaempferi pi. 49, Quercus glauca pi. 17, Dioscorea 

 quinqueloba pi. 15, Taxus macrophylla pi. 24, and Pteris piloselloides. — Leaving "in 1692," he pub- 

 lished his Amoen. exot. "in 1712," and died "in 1 716." 



"Dec. 23d" (Humb. cosm. ii. and iv.), Uranus seen by Flamstead, but not recognized as a 

 planet. 



"1691 A. D." (art de verif.), Suliman III. succeeded by Achmed II. or Achmet II., twenty- 

 second Turkish sultan. 



"The same year" (Pauth. 437), expedition of the emperor Khang-hi, accompanied by the Jesuit 

 missionary P. Gerbillon, into the country of the Kalkas or Eleuths. P. de Mailla and other Jesuit 

 missionaries, were employed by Khang-hi in constructing by the European method maps of the differ- 

 ent provinces of China. 



"In this year" (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Rivinus publishing his Tetrap., enumerating Hedy- 

 sarum flexiiosum j — "in 1699," his Pentap. ; and died "in 1725." 



" In this year" (J. E Smith, and Spreng.), Plukenet publishing his Phytogr., enumerating* Pru- 

 nus Sinensis pi. 11. f. 4, Kosteletzkya Virginica 6. f. 4, Senecio liieracifolius 112. f. 1. — The work 

 was completed "in 1693." 



Corchorus acutangulus of Tropical Africa. A Tiliaceous esculent called in Bengalee "tittapat " 

 (Roxb., and A. Dec); from transported specimens described by Plukenet phyt. pi. 44, — and 

 Lamarck (Pers.). Through European colonists was carried to the West Indies, where according to 



* Quercus agrifolia of California. An oak, from transported specimens termed " ilex foliis agri- 

 folii Americana" by Plukenet phyt. — (Brendel in Am. nat. May 1870). Westward, observed by 

 Nee p. 271 on the Pacific shore of North America (Pers.). 



Sicyos angulatus of Japan ? The one-seeded cucumber, herbaceous and climbing, called in Japan 

 " tamatsagori " (Thunb.), and known there as early probably as this date : transported to Europe, is 

 described by Plukenet phyt. 26. f. 1, — and Hermann parad. pi. 133. Westward, has been observed 

 by myself in New England only as a garden weed ; but according to A. Gray, grows on '• river-banks " 

 in central New York : was observed by Pursh from Canada to Carolina ; by Elliot, in the upper dis- 

 trict of Carolina and Georgia; by Chapman, "river-banks, Florida, and northward;" by Short, in 

 Kentucky; by Baldwin, on the Missouri (Torr.) ; by Nuttall, on the Arkansas; and according to 

 Hooker, grows from Kettle falls along the Columbia to its mouth. Farther West, was observed by 

 myself naturalized on the Hawaiian Islands, around native villages in New Zealand and boiled for 

 greens, and in wild situations on the Upper Hunter in Australia, possibly introduced by Papuans : 

 by Thunberg, around Nagasaki in Japan. 



