OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 1005 



having become the resort of pirates, seized by an English fleet under Woods Rogers ; and comparative 

 security extended to the commerce of the West Indies. — In the following year, an attack by a Spanish 

 fleet from Havanna, was repelled (Hewet i. 243, and Ramsay i. 5.). 



"In this year" (Spreng., and Winckler), Henr. Bern. Ruppius publishing his Flor. Jenensis, 

 enumerating Senecio sylvaticus. — He died " in 1719." 



Charophyllum aureum of the mountains of middle Europe. Observed by Ruppius iii. pi. 5 in the 

 environs of Jena, — and known to grow from Switzerland nearly as far as Belgium (Jacq. austr. pi. 64, 

 Pers., and A. Dec). In Britain, escaped from cultivation was found "in 1809 or a little earlier" 

 between Arbroath and Montrose, and near Edinburgh (Engl. bot. pi. 2103), is mentioned by Hooker 

 " in 1821 " as still existing in Scotland, but has since disappeared. 



" 1719 A. D." (Smith 191, and Holmes), a Presbyterian church first founded in New York. 



"Dec. 17th" (Trumbull, coll. hist. ii. 14, and Holmes), the aurora borealis first seen in New 

 England ; beginning "about 8 o'clock in the evening," and filling (he country with alarm. 



" In this year" (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Scheuchzer publishing his Agrostographia, enumerating 

 Scirpus campestris pi. 7. f. 19, .5". baeothryon 7. 21, Eriophorum Scheuchzeri app. pi. 7, Holcus mollis 



4. 25, Festuca rubra 6. 9, F. pratensis 4. 6, Bromus Ligusticus 6. 13, B. squarrosus 5. 11, B. gigantens 



5. 17, Avena versicolor app. 3. 3, Calamagrostis speciosa 3. 11, Elymus Europaeus 1. 1, Luzula spa- 

 dicea 6. 3, Carex Davalliana 11. 9. 10, C.foetida app. 4. 3, C. curvula 11. 7, C. lobata 11. 8, C. alba 

 10. 4. 5, C. clandeslina 10. 1, C. collina 10. 8. 9, C. brachystachys 10. 7, C. limosa 10. 15, C.filiformis 

 10. 11, and Restio triticeus 7. 15. 16. — He died "in 1737." 



Eragrostis pilosa of Central Asia. An annual grass described by Scheuchzer agrost. pi. 4 — 

 (Spreng.), Linnaeus, Dubois, Pallas, Suter, Villars, and Beauvois (Steud.) ; known to occur in Italy 

 and Carniolia (Pers.), also in Tauria and Siberia (Kunth) ; and observed by Delile growing spon- 

 taneously near Cairo. By European colonists carried to Northeast America, was observed by Torrey 

 as far North as 41 ; by myself, near Philadelphia; by Muhlenberg, in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, 

 and received from Illinois ; and according to A. Gray, is "naturalized" in "sandy or gravelly waste 

 places, S. New England to Illinois, and southward." 



Elymus crinitus of the Mediterranean countries. An annual grass described by Scheuchzer 

 agrost. 20, — Schreber ii. pi. 24, and Pallas: observed by Buxbaum cent. i. pi. 52, and Sibthorp, 

 around Smyrna ; by Forskal, near Constantinople ; by D'Urville, on the island of Milo ; and is termed 

 "hordeum crinitum " by Desfontaines (Steud.). 



"In this year" (Spreng.), Jos. Monti publishing his Prodr. stirp. bonon., enumerating Cyperus 

 Monti. 



In this year (= seven years after his arrival in Virginia, Spreng.), Catesby visiting Carolina, 

 Florida, and the Bahama Islands, meeting with Fraxinus Caroliniana i. 80, Catesbaea spinosa ii. 100, 

 Ipomoea Carolina ii. 19, Gardenia clusiaefolia i. 59, Vitica lutea ii. 53, Rhus elegans app. 4, Amyris 

 elemifera ii. 33,* Silene Catesbaei ii. 43, Magnolia grandiflora ii. 80, Anona glabra ii. 64, Crescenlia 

 jasminoides i. 59, Tetania pentaphylla i. 3, Jacaranda Caroliniana i. 42, Erythrina herbacea ii. 49, 

 Epidendrum nocturnum ii. 68, Phoradendron rubrum ii. 81, Smilax aristolocliiaefolia i. 47, Acacia 

 glauca ii. 42, Convolvulus sagitlifolius i. 35, Lawns (Persea) Catesbyana ii. 28, Symplocos tinctoria i. 

 p. 54. And as appears from his herbarium, Clematis Catesbyana, C. ovata, Seymeria cassioides, S. pecti- 

 nata, Ambrosia Jiispida, Lysimachia lanceolata. — He returned to Europe "in 1722-6," published his 

 Nat. hist. Car. "in 1731-43," and died "in 1749." 



"1720 A. D.'' (Hewet i. 290, and Holmes), through the action of the people of Carolina, (he 

 charter of the proprietary government annulled: leaving themselves under the immediate protection 

 of the British crown. 



"The same year" (Spreng.), Messerschmid on his way to Tobolsk. f 



* Amyris toxifera of Florida and the West Indies. A shrub or small tree called in South Florida 

 torch-wood (Chapm.) : described by Catesby i. pi. 40 — (Pers.) ; observed by N. A. Ware in Florida ; 

 and known to grow in the West Indies (Dec). Transported to Europe, is termed " toxicodendrum 

 pinnatum " by Miller (Steud.). 



f Astragalus melilotoides of the Mongolian plains. Observed by Messerschmid — (Amm. 119 

 n. 157), and Gmelin iv. 38 u. 51, in Siberia ; by Pallas iv. 370 to 713, on the Upper Selenga. 



Trifolium hedysaroides of the Mongolian plains. Suffruticose, observed by Messerschmid 1724 

 (Amm. 154), and Gmelin fl. 31 n. 39, in Siberia; by Pallas iv. 379 to 715, on the Upper Selenga. 



Campanula verticillata of Daouria. Observed by Messerschmid — (Amm. 18), and Sokolof, in 

 Daouria (Pall. trav. iv. 610 to 690). 



Poteutilla geoides of Siberia. Observed by Messerschmid hodeget., — and Pallas iv. 698, in 

 Siberia. 



