OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. IOI7 



Sporobolus Virginian: of the shores of Tropical and Subtropical America. A grass observed by 

 Clayton 507 on the sandy seashore of Virginia ; —and according to Chapman, growing in "saline 

 marshes and banks along the coast, Florida to North Carolina : " known to grow also on the sea- 

 shore of Brazil (Nees), Cumana, the West Indies, Mexico, Peru as far as Callao, and on the Ha- 

 waiian Islands (Kunlh) ; observed by myself in a natural salt-marsh on Maui. Eastward from America, 

 probably by ocean-currents carried to Equatorial Africa, observed from Cape Verd to Saint-Thomas 

 (Benth. fl. Nigr.) ; to Austral Africa (Kunth, and Meyer) ; and even to Australia (R. Brown, Kunth, 

 and A. Dec). 



" 1740 A. D." (univ. hist. xli. 429, Thompson seas. sum. 1040, and Holmes), unsuccessful expe- 

 dition under admiral Vernon against the Spanish settlement at Carthagena. 



" The same year" (Hewet ii. 167, and Holmes), first visit of rev. George Whitefield to America. 

 Where, near Savannah, he founded an orphan house. 



"The same year" (Nicol), Frederic William succeeded by Frederic II. the Great, as king of 

 Prussia. 



" The same year" (Kobell iv.), by Kaim, manganese shown to be a metal. 



In this year (see Spreng.), after his Stirp. rar. Ruthen. "in 1739," Joh. Ammann continuing his 

 descriptions of plants, including Bctula nana (act. ix. pi. 14, Ph.). — He died "in 1741." 



Rheum undulalum of the Altaian mountains. A kind of rhubarb received bv Ammann from 

 China, — produced also from seeds presented "about 1750 " by a Tartarian merchant (Lindl.) ; but 

 according to Pallas trav. iii. 225, an Altaian peak, in sight from Schlangenberg, is called " Revenno- 

 vaia-Sopka " from R. undulatum growing on it abundantly : R. undulatum was also pointed out by a 

 Cossack to Georgi as the true rhubarb, but its root has not been found by Guibourt to possess the 

 requisite qualities, and its cultivation in Russia and France is discontinued (Lindl.). 



Xylosteitm Tartaricum of the Uralian plains. An ornamental shrub described by Ammann 

 ruth. 184 — (Linn. hort. ups.) : observed by Pallas along the Volga nearly as far West as Moscow. 

 By European colonists was carried to Northeast America, where it continues frequent in gardens 

 (A. Gray). 



" In the time of Teraraku (great grandfather of Pomare," the chief seen by us at the Bay of 

 Islands, Hale ethnogr. Expl Exp. 146, and Races of man iv. 4), the " kumara " (Batatas edulis) 

 sweet potato, brought to New Zealand in a "canoe formed of separate pieces" by Pani and his sister 

 Hinakakirirangi of Hawaiki (Savaii). The account is confirmed by the construction of the canoe, 

 peculiar to the Samoan Islands; by the slender finger-rooted variety, seen by us only in the two 

 localities, and which a separate tradition made " the only kind formerly known in New Zealand." 



" 1741 A. D." (encycl. method., and Holmes), in Paraguay, the colonies formed by the Jesuit 

 missionaries now extending " about six hundred leagues," and containing "one hundred and twenty- 

 one thousand one hundred and sixty-one " aboriginals. 



" The same year " (Adams relig. 466, and Holmes), Bethlehem in Pennsylvania founded by 

 Moravians or United Brethren ; abandoning Savannah, on account of military service being required 

 of them. 



"In this year" (Linn. sp. pi.) N. American plants published in Act. Ups. p. 81, including 

 Proscrpinaca palustris. 



"In this year" (Spreng.), Steller visiting Bering's Island, meeting with "two hundred and 

 eleven " plants, including Tiarella trifoliata, Dielytra cucullaria, Pleris pedata, and Lycopodium ru- 

 pestris. He also visited the neighbouring American coast and the Fox Islands, — and returning, died 

 "in 1746." 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Barrere publishing his Guayan. Plant. : — he died in " 1755." 



Sida linifolia of Western Equatorial Africa. Known to grow in dry sandy situations in Senegal 

 (Perr. and Rich. fl. Seneg. 72, and A. Dec), and in Guinea (fl. Nigr.). Probably by European col- 

 onists carried across the Atlantic ; observed in Guayana by Barrere aeq. 72, — and Aublet (Pers.) ; 

 known to occur also on Hayti and in Peru (Cav., and Dec. prodr.). 



"In this year" (Pursh, and Spreng.), Dillenius publishing his Hist, muse, enumerating* Sela- 

 %inella apus pi. 64. f. 3, Lycopodium luciduluui pi. 56. f 2 ; — he died "in 1747." 



" 1742 A. D." (Adams lett. xvii, and Holmes), in Boston, Faneuil hall erected and presented to 

 the town by Peter Faneuil. Who died just at the time of its completion. 



" In this year" (J. E. Smith, Spreng., and Winckl.), Haller publishing his Enum. plant. Helv. 



* Lycopodium Carolinianum of Northeast America. From transported specimens described by 

 Dillenius pi. 62. f. 5 : — growing according to A. Gray in "wet pine barrens, New Jersey to Virginia, 

 and southward : " observed by myself at 40 in peninsular New Jersey, and I think also at 42 30' in 

 boes near Salem ; by Chapman, in "low pine barrens, Florida, and northward." 

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