IOl8 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Orchis palhns of middle and Eastern Europe. Observed by Haller 1281 pi. 30 in Switzerland,— 

 by Decandolle in France, by Jacquin pi. 45 in Austria, and by Chaubard in the Peloponnesus. 



Spiranthes aestivalis of Europe? Observed by Haller in Switzerland, — and known to grow in 

 wet meads throughout middle Europe (Dec. fl. fr., and Pers.) : observed by Chaubard in the Pelo- 

 ponnesus. Possibly by European colonists transported from one continent to the other, observed by 

 M ichaux in Northeast America, by Oakes in Western New England, by Torrey in Northern New 

 York, and according to A. Gray is " not rare." 



About this time (Spreng. and Winckl.), John Mitchell of Virginia describing new genera of plants 

 in the Act. nat. cur. viii. app. 187, including " malachodendron " 16 Steicartia pentagyna (Willd.). 



" 1743 A. D." (encycl. method., and Holmes), discovery of the water-communication between 

 the Upper Orinoco and the Amazon rivers. 



" In this year" (Linn. sp. pi., and Winckl.), Colden in New York State, meeting with Uvularia 

 sessilifolia, Gentiana crinita fl. noveb. n. 50 (Willd.). The plants sent to Linnaeus were published 

 in Act. Ups. from this year — to " 1750," and the Flor. noveb. remains unpublished in the Banksian 

 library. 



" In this year" (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Pococke publishing an account of his travels in the 

 East ; — the second volume in " 1 745." 



Colutea Pocockii of the East Mediterranean countries. A flowering shrub — described by Miller 

 pi. 100, termed " c. haleppica" by Lamarck, and brought from the vicinity of Aleppo : observed by 

 Decaisne on mount Sinai, and known to grow abundantly on the mountains of Abyssinia (A. Dec ). 



"In this year" (Spreng., and Winckl), Krascheninikow returning from Siberia with Gmelin, 

 having met with Liliuni Kamtchaticttm, Spiraea Kamtchatica, Rhododendron Kamtcliaticum, Alys- 

 sum hyperborettm (from Northwest America, Act. petrop. 1747, and Linn. sp. pi.). — He died "in 

 1754,'' his account of Kamtchatka and the Kurile Islands was published in Russian "in 1755," anc ' 

 an English translation "in 1764." 



In this year (introd.), Loureiro, by his own account, arriving in Anam or Cochinchina, — where 

 he remained "thirty-six" years, and in " 1779" reached Canton in China. After "three years,'' he 

 sailed for home, stopping on the way " three months " at Mozambique. His Flor. Coch. was com- 

 pleted in " 1788" (ded.), and was published at Lisbon in " 1790." 



Calamus scipionuvi of Sumatra. Described by Loureiro, and furnishing the walking-sticks of 

 great strength called Malacca canes : — these though exported from Malacca, are according to Griffith 

 brought from Siak on the opposite Sumatran coast (Royle, and Drur.). 



" 1744 A. D. = 9th year of Kien-loung" (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Seventy-fourth 

 cycle. 



"March 29th" (Hutch, ii. 4, and Holmes), war declared by Britain against France and Spain. 

 Before the news reached Boston, Canso was captured by the French governor of Cape Breton, and 

 Nova Scotia endangered. 



" In this year" (Ph. 323), Linnaeus publishing descriptions of 1 plants in Act. upsal. 



"The same year" (Spreng.), Charlevoix publishing his history of the French colonies in North 

 America. — He died "in 1761." 



"In this year" (Spreng., and Humb. cosm. v.), Condamine from' Quito proceeding down the 

 Amazon and reaching Cayenne. — He published an account of his travels "in 1745" (Winckl.). 



Hevea Guianensis of Eastern Equatorial America. A forest tree, with milky sap condensing 

 into caoutchouc or india-rubber; observed by Condamine on the Lower Amazon — (Winckler), and 

 by Aublet ii. pi. 3315 in Guayana : the product has become a well known article of commerce, exported 

 in the form of bottles (Lindl.) and articles not solid. By European colonists, the tree was carried to 

 the West Indies (Desc.) ; and from transported specimens is termed " poa seringa" in act. par. 1751 

 pi. 20, "jatropha elastica" by Linnaeus the younger suppl. 422, "siphonia cahuchu" by YVilldenow 

 iv. 567, "s. elastica" by Persoon. 



"In this year" (Winckl.), Bergen publishing his Hort. med. viadrin. — He died "in 1759." 



Pliascolu\ lunatus of Hindustan. Termed "p. bcngh.ilensis scandens siliqua acinaciformi semine 

 ovato compresso striate" by Bergen 99— (Linn. sp. pi.) ; described also by Houttuyn viii. pi. 63. f. 1 

 (Pers); observed by Wight 74.1 in peninsular Hindustan, by Lush at Dapooree near Bombay (Graham). 

 Westward, is known to occur in Senegal and Guinea (R. Brown cong. p. 50, fl. Nigr., and A. Dec). 

 Farther West, in Guayana, the West Indies, and Mexico (Dec. pnuir.); cultivated by the colonists 

 of Northeast America under the name of Lima bean, but so far as Iirackenndge and myself could 

 ascertain, seems unknown in Peru ; its pods according to Darlington are not eaten. 



"In this year" (Linn. fl. suec), J. Leche publishing his Florae Scanica- primitix. 



" In this year" (Spreng), John Wilson publishing his Synopsis of British plants. 



" '745. J«ne 16th " (univ. hist. xli. 33, and Holmes), capture of Lou'sbourg and the island of Cape 

 Breton by an expedition chiefly fitted out by the colonists of New England. 



