OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 1019 



_ "The same year" (Hewet ii. 138 and 191, Drayton 127, and Holmes), the cultivation of indieo 

 ntroduced from the French West Indies into South Carolina. -Where, aided after three years by a 

 bounty from the British government, the product increased to "two hundred and sixteen thousand 

 n,ne hundred and twenty-four pounds" for 1754. At a later period the cultivation declined, and at' 

 length was abandoned ; though (according to Chapman) both /. tinctoria and /. anil continue to <*row 

 as weeds in waste places. B 



Leucas M artinicensis of Tropical Asia and Africa. By European colonists, carried to the West 

 Indies as early at least as this year : —observed there by Jacquin amer., and Swartz prodr. 88 ; and 

 known to occur also in Brazil (Benth.). Eastward, is frequent and to all appearance indigenous in 

 Equatorial Africa (A. Dec.) ; was received by Bentham from peninsular Hindustan; and is enumer- 

 ated by Mason among the indigenous plants of Burmah. 



" The same year " (Nicol.), Charles VII. succeeded by a daughter of Charles VI., Maria Teresa ; 

 becoming with Francis joint rulers over Germany and Italy. 



" The same year " (Spreng.), arrival of Ternstrom at Pulo Condor : where he died before the end 

 of the year. 



" In this year" (Spreng.), publication of the Roman, agri of Sabbati. 



" In this year" (append. Sibth., and Spreng.), Seguier publishing his Plant. Veron., —completed 

 "in 1754." 



"In this year" (Linn. sp. pi.), Le Monier publishing his Cat. plant, alvern. — He died "in 

 1799." 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Linnasus publishing his Oelanska, and Flor. suec, enumerating* Draba 

 nemorosa, Artemisia rupest is, Lathyrus heterophyllns, Carex loliacea ii. n. 840. 



" 1746, Oct. 28th " (univ. hist, xxxix. 178, encycl. method., biblioth. Amer. 129, and Holmes), the 

 great earthquake desolating Lima. Its seaport Callao was overwhelmed by an ocean wave, and of 

 " three thousand " inhabitants, only one person escaped. In all " twelve thousand " persons perished : 

 and "the concussions continued, with short intervals, four months." — I found the two monuments in 

 the form of a cross and without inscriptions : one, behind rebuilt Callao and half a mile inland, said to 

 mark the spot to which a Spanish frigate was carried ; and the other, half way to Lima, said to mark 

 the limit of the inundation. 



" 1747 A. D." (Pauth. 452), five Spanish Dominican missionaries detected in the province of Fou- 

 kian, condemned to be beheaded, and the sentence approved by the emperor Kien-loung. 



" In this year" (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Linnasus publishing his Wastgotha res., and Flor. 

 Zeylan. 



" The same year " (Spreng.), Joseph Jussieu travelling on the Upper La Plata. — He reached Lima 

 "in 1750." 



"The same year" (Spreng.), the Swedish traveller Kalm arriving in the Delaware, meeting with 

 here and on his journey to Canada Vaccinium Canadense, Sabbatia gracilis, S. annularis, Viburnum 

 lentago, Rubus hiipidus, Digitaria filiformis, Panicum clandestinum, Bromus ciliatus, B. Kalmii, 

 Phlox maculata ii. 222, Halenia deflexa, Gentiana quinqueflora, Trientalis Americana i. 138, Betula 

 pumila i. 138, China arundinacea, Prinos glaber, Vaccinium ligustrinum, Polygonella arliculata, 

 Dalibarda repens, jVuphar Kalmianum, Galium trifidum, Hypericum Kalmianum,] Hieracium pani- 

 culatum, Erigeron Philadelphicum, Senecio Canadensis, Aster laevis, Viola Canadensis, Carex squar- 



* Tillcsa aquatica of Northern Europe. A diminutive annual observed by Linnseus in Sweden, 

 in depressed situations subject to inundation ; — known to grow also in Norway, and as far as Germany 

 (Pers., and Dec.) ; and Westward, observed by Hooker on Iceland. 



f Hypericum Canadense of Northeast America. Observed by Kalm in Canada — (Linn. sp. pi.) ; 

 by Michaux, from Hudson's Bay to Pennsylvania and on the Alleghanies of Carolina; by Oakes and 

 myself, frequent around the base of the White mountains, stem slightly geniculate at base with narrow- 

 elliptic leaves, growing on the upland, taller and more obtrusive than the usual form, and seems peren- 

 nial ? : received by Hooker from Newfoundland, Canada, and as far as Lake Winnipeg; observed by 

 Pursh from Canada to Carolina ; by Elliot in South Carolina ; by Nuttall on the Arkansas ; and 

 according to Decandolle grows as far as Mexico. The smaller form observed by myself from 44° to 

 40 along the Atlantic. 



Polygonum Pennsylvanicum of Northeast America. Observed by Kalm in Pennsylvania — 

 (Linn. sp. pi.) ; by myself, from 43° along the Atlantic, larger and the flowers more showy than in 

 P. persicaria, but occurring in the same situations and hardly having an indigenous aspect; by 

 A. Gray, in "moist soil in open waste places, common;" by Muhlenberg, in Pennsylvania, and 

 received from Illinois ; by Beck, on the Mississippi at St. Louis ; by Elliot, in South Carolina ; by 

 Chapman, in " wet places, Georgia." 



