OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 1027 



pi. 2970. According to Pereira, and Lindley, calumba root "is a valuable and excellent tonic, having 

 aromatic qualities, but mucilaginous and not acting as a stimulant." 



"The same year" (Spreng.), Byron among the "Friendly" Islands (consisting of the Tongan 

 and neighbouring groups). 



" 1765 to 1766 A. D." (Spreng.), Ekeberg visiting China. — He made a Second visit "in 1770," 

 and published his Itin. in " 1773." 



" 1766 A. D." (append. Sibth.), Linnaeus publishing the Twelfth edition of his Systema Nature. 



In or about this year (Pall. trav. i. 705 to 752 and ii. 547), A. Rinder residing as a physician at 

 Orenbourg. 



Cynoglossum Rinderi of the Uralian plains. A vernal and remarkable species observed by Rin- 

 der in two localities in the environs of Orenbourg ; — by Pallas i. 310, as far West as the Kinel 

 affluent of the Volga. 



Ornithogalum bulbiferum of the Uralian plains. Observed by Rinder in the environs of Oren- 

 bourg; —by Sokolof, on the Lower Yaik and along the Caspian (Pall. ii. 547). 



" In this year " (Willd.), Schwenk publishing his Hort. med. hag. 



Schwenkia Americana of Tropical America. Known only in cultivated ground and waste places 

 in Northeast Brazil (A. Dec.) and other parts of Tropical America (H. and B., and Steud.). Received 

 from America by Schwenk 328.pl. 1. — Probably by European colonists, carried to Equatorial Africa, 

 known to occur in Senegambia and Guinea (R. Brown cong., and Benth. fl. Nigr.). 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Peter Jonas Bergius publishing his Proteac. (stockh. acad. 316). 



" In this year " (Spreng ), Carteret sailing among the " Friendly " Islands. 



•" The same year" (coll. hist. vi. 239, and Holmes), a Marine society formed in Salem, New Eng- 

 land: — Incorporated "in 1771." And "in 1799," the East India Marine society of Salem formed. 



" In this year" (Humb. cosm. ii.), different kinds of gas or unmixed air recognized by Black and 

 Cavendish; and "fixed air" (carbonic acid) and "combustible air" (hydrogen) shown to be distinct 

 aeriform substances. 



" 1767, March 31st " (Blair), expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain ; and " Nov. 21st," from Naples. 



"July" (Gordon, and Holmes), Parliament persisting in taxing the colonies, and receiving news, 

 that New York had refused to provide for troops ; an act passed, "restraining tlie assembly of New 

 York," until compliance. The colonists now became alarmed, jealous of ulterior designs ; and " Let- 

 ters from a Farmer " made their appearance, demonstrating the danger of a small tax, as establishing 

 a precedent. 



One hundred and eighty-second generation. Sept. 1st, 1767, mostly beyond youth: the Greek 

 writers Regas of Velestinus d. 1798, Nicephorus Theotokes d. 1800: other writers, Mendelssohn; 

 Jao de Sousa ; Von Wisin ; Neledinsky-Meletzky : the zoologists, H. B. Saussure d. 1799, Carolus 

 Bonnet d. 1793, Bonavent. Corti, Turb. Needham d. 1781 : the botanists, C. G. Ludwig d. 1773, Io. 

 Gesner d. 1790, Io. Ern. Stieff, P. D. Giseke, lac. Wernischek, N. Jos. Necker, F. van Berkhey, D. 

 S. A. Buttner d. 1768, J. Ph Ruling, Ios. Theoph. Kolreuter d. 1799, William Watson, Phil. Fermin, 

 C. G. Dalberg, F. X. Wulffen d. 1804, lac. Christ. Schaffer d. 1790, Io. lac. Ritter d. 17S4, Theoph. 

 Barckhausen, P. H. G. Mohring d. 1792, C. L. Willich, F. G. Weis, Io. F. C. Grimm, S. G. Wilcke, 

 C. E. Weigel, A. B. Kolpin, H. G. comes Mattuscha d. 1779, G. G. Reyger d. 1788, W. Lachenal 

 and Ach. Mieg, B. Dubourg, F. Descurain, A. L. Latourette, Ant. Battarra d. 1789, F. Bassi d. 1774, 

 Geo. Tycho Holm., Io. Strom, Io. S. Leinker, C. L. Roloff, Mich. Matth. Ludolff, Io. Marsilius, A. 

 J. G. C. Batsch d. 1802, James Bolton, loan. Hedwig d. 1799, Nicolaas Meerburgh, John Stackhouse, 

 F. H. Wiggers, William Woodville : the painter Antonio Raphael Mengs d. 1779: the engraver 

 Raphael Morghen b. 1755. 



"In this year" (Spreng., and Winckl.), Petrus Poivre publishing his Voyage d'un philosophe. 

 He established a botanic garden on the Mauritius Islands, — and continued prefect of those islands 

 and the Seychelles "until 1 77S-" 



" In this year " (Spreng.), Mich. Grubb publishing his Descript. plant, e capite bonae spei. 



" In this year " ( . . . . Spreng.), Gunner publishing his Flor. Norv., enumerating Ledum lati- 

 foliitm n. 1067 (Willd.), — completed "in 1772 ; " he died " in 1773." 



"In this year" (append. Sibth., and Spreng.), Linnaeus publishing his Mantissa,* enumerating 



* Sagina apetala of Northern Europe. An annual described by Linnaeus — (Steud.); known to 

 grow in sandy soil in Britain (Curt. pi. 14), and France (Lam., and Pers.). By European colonists 

 was carried to Northeast America, observed by A. Gray in " sandy fields, New York to Pennsylvania, 

 rare " and " adventive " only. 



Senebiera didyma of the Andes and vicinity throughout North and South America. A small 

 prostrate Cruciferous annual, transported to Europe, described by Linnaeus mant. 92 ; — termed 



