l0 ? CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"1769 to 1770 A. D." (Spreng.), arrival of Mariti in the East. — He remained there " eight " 

 years. 



"1770, March 5th" (Gordon, and Holmes), in Boston after an affray, the soldiers insulted, and 

 one on receiving a blow fired at the aggressor ; a single discharge from six others followed, and of the 

 citizens three were killed and five dangerously wounded. " April 12th," the repeal of the new duties 

 signed by the king: reserving that on tea, to keep up the claim of sovereignty; in effect, leaving the 

 cause of contention between the two countries in full force. An act had been passed by Parliament, 

 " For securing the dependence of America on Great Britain." 



"May 16" (trav. ii. 19), leaving Oufa, Pallas proceeded among the Ural mountains and through 

 the Baschkir country to Kaslinskoi, "June 17th:" he here took the main route, reached Ekaterin- 

 bouro- » in 56 40' " on the " 23d," and " July 4th " the Toura tributary of the Obi in the Vogoul country. 

 Pallas ii. 364 found the Vogouls small in stature and effeminate, having very little beard {Mongolians), 

 and somewhat resembling the Calmuks but whiter; living in the forest, altogether by hunting and 

 chiefly on the elk, having a very few dogs, and cows kept around their cabins, but no other domestic 

 animals ; each community having enclosures miles in diameter ; those dwelling along rivers capturing 

 fish and making canoes either of the trunk of a tree or of birch bark; they never eat salt, enjoy excel- 

 lent health, and use no medicines ; their language seems related to the Finnish ; all profess themselves 

 Christians, but they have secret rites, sacrifices to idols, invoke particular divinities, and have retained 

 much of their ancient religious views. Returning as far as Tcheliabinsk "Aug. 4th," after various 

 excursions he left " Dec. 16th,'' and on the "20th " reached Tobolsk on the Irtich "in 5S 12'." 



Nicetas Sokolof, sent in the early spring to the Caspian, rejoined Pallas at Tcheliabinsk " in 

 September," having met with Onosma divaricata, Salsola lanifiora, Amaryllis Caspica, Cheiranthus 

 tomentosus, Astragalus caudatus, and Scorzoncra pusilla. 



"The same year" (Pauth. 453). the Tourgaouts withdrawing from Russian rule on the Volga, 

 after reaching the Hi, asked and obtained protection from the Chinese emperor Kien-loung. 



"The same year" (Pauth. 32), eleven years after the death of P. Gaubil, his translation of the 

 Chou-King published by De Guignes at Paris. 



"In this year" (Pers.), Ellis describing plants in Act. angl. lx, including Dion&a muscipula. — 

 He died "in 1776." 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Desportes publishing his Maladies de St. Dom. 



'■ In this year" (J. E. Smith ed. fl. lapp.), Chr. Friis Rottboll describing plants in Act. Hafn. x., 

 among others Stcllaria humifiisa pi. 4. 



" In this year" (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Jacquin publishing his Hort. Vindobon., — completed 

 "in 1776," — enumerating Ge-uiu album ii. pi. 175. 



Convolvuhts farinosus of Madeira. Transported to Europe, described by Jacquin hort. vind. i. 

 pi. 35, ■ — and Linnaeus mant. ii. 203 : said by Sibthorp to occur along hedges and in cultivated ground 

 in Mysia, Livadia, and the Peloponnesus, but there is no specimen in his herbarium (Lindl.). 



'■ In this year " (Spreng.), Davides Cranz publishing his Hist. Groenl., enumerating " eighty-two " 

 phanerog. plants. 



"In this year" (Wintkl.), after the Second volume, Oeder publishing the Third volume of the 

 Flor. dan., enumerating* Draba nivalis pi. 142. — He now retired from the editorship, and died "in 

 1791." 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Thunberg on his way to Austral Africa.f 



* UtricuLiria intermedia of Western Europe. DescribedbyOederfl.Dan.pl. 12S — (Pers.); 

 observed by Hayne pi. 5 in Germany; by Thuillier, near Paris ; and known to grow also in Britain 

 (A. Dec). 



\ Oralis cerni/a of Austral Africa. Observed there by Thunberg pi. 2 (Pers.). Transported to 

 Europe, has become naturalized in Spain, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Algeria, and from " 1S26" at Gibraltar 

 (A. Dec). 



Gnaphalium iindiila/nm of Austral Africa. Observed there by Thunberg 151 (Pers.). Trans- 

 ported to Europe, is described by the younger Linnaeus stippl. 363 ; and has been observed by Lejolis 

 for several years naturalized in the environs of Cherbourg (A. Dec). 



Solatium Capense of Austral Africa. Observed there by Thunberg (Steud.), and from transported 

 specimens described by the younger Linnaeus suppl. 147. By J. Drummond in 1S29 introduced into 

 Southwest Australia, and observed by him "ten years" afterwards completely naturalized (Hook. 

 journ. bot. for 1840, and A. Dec). 



Stenoiaphrum dimidialnm of the Atlantic shore of Tropical and Subtropical Africa. A maritime 

 grass observed in Austral Africa by Thunberg, and Drege (A. Dec.) ; and known to grow as far as 

 Saint-Thomas and Guinea (Kunth, and Benth. fl. Nigr.). By ocean currents transported across the 



