IC >36 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"In this year" (Pursh), J. F. Miller publishing Coloured plates of Plants and animals :— the 

 6oth and last "in 1794." 



" In this year" (Spreng., and Winckl.), Rottboll publishing the Surinam plants of Rolandr. and 

 Caraib. of Rohr, including Schoenus setaceus pi. 21. f. 2. 



" In this year " (Willd.) Murray in Comm. goett. describing Lonkera parviflora pi. 3. — He died 



"in 1791-" 



" In this year" (Spreng.), William Withering publishing his Botan. arrangement of veg. naturally 

 growing in Great Britain. — He died "in 1799," and a fifth edition was issued "in 181 2." 



"1777, in the spring" (Holmes), arrival of arms and ammunition from France; brought in part 

 in a twenty-four gun ship. The British army driven back, and after attempting to bring on a general 

 ens^ement, withdrawing from New Jersey ; the commander sent a large force by sea into the Chesa- 

 peake to the head of tide-water in Elk river, and advancing Northward, obtained possession of Phila- 

 delphia " Sept. 27th." In the North at Saratoga "Oct. 17th," surrender of Burgoyne with his army 

 of nearly six thousand men to the colonists. 



"The same year" (Williams 230, and Holmes), the Declaration of independence having left the 

 settlers on the New Hampshire grants in a difficult position, they, through a convention of town- 

 representatives, declared their district a distinct State : the origin of the State of Vermont. 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Li.uhtfoot publishing his Flora Scotica, enumerating Carex pauciflora. 



Carex ituurva of Northern Europe and mountains farther South. A sedge observed by Light- 

 foot in Scotland : — known to jjrow also in Norway and on the mountains of Switzerland (Engl. bot. 

 pi. 97, Pers., and A. Dec.) ; observed by Allioni ii. pi. 92 in Piedmont; by Sibthorp, on the moun- 

 tains of Crete. 



"In this year" (Pritzel, and Winckl), Wangenheim with Hessian troops arriving in North 

 America, meeting with Kalmia glauca, Gaylussacia reiinosa. — Returning "in 1780," he published 

 his Nordamer. trees and shrubs "in 1781," another edition "in 1787." 



" In this year" (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Curtis publishing his Flor. Lond. 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Robson publishing his Flor. Brit. 



" In this year" (Spreng , and Winckl.), Moench publishing his Plant, indig. Hassiae. 



'■ In this year" (Spreng.), Houttuyn publishing his Plant. Ind., Cap., and Japan, — completed "in 

 1788." 



" In this year" (Pursh i. 301), Bergius publishing descriptions of plants in Act. petropol., includ- 

 ing Lewphyllum buxifolhun pi. 3. f. 2. — He died "in 1790" (Spreng.). 



" 1778, Feb. 6th" (Holmes), by Louis XVI. of France, treaties of amity, commerce, and alliance 

 with the colonies ; through their commissioners, Franklin, Silas Deane, and Arthur Lee. On receiv- 

 ing the news, Philadelphia was evacuated "June 18th " by the British ; who decided to concentrate 

 their forces in the harbour and city of New York. After "July 5th," arrival on the coast of a French 

 fleet under D'Estaing : the depth of water not admitting his ships of the line into the harbour of New 

 York, he proceeded to Newport, occupied by the British, and reached the offing "July 25th." Incur- 

 sions during the Summer along the Florida frontier; and the British turning their attention to the 

 South, on " Dec. 29th " captured Savannah. 



As early as this year (. ), Vahl describing plants in Act. soc. nat. Haf. ii. p. 13.* 



"In this year" (Spreng.), Ortega publishing two volumes of Quer's Flor. Hispan., — completed 

 "in 1784." 



" In this year" (A. Dec. g. b. 738), Lamarck publishing his Flor. Franc. 



" 1779, Oct. 9th " (Holmes), by the colonists and the French fleet under D'Estaing, unsuccessful 

 assault on Savannah. Alter which D'Estaing and the fleet left the coast. 



"In this year" (Winckl.), after a first edition "in 1774," A. Joh. Retzius publishing a Second 

 edition of his Obs. botan., also his Flor. scandinav. prodr. 



Vcratrum sabadilla of Mexico and the West Indies. Described by Retz obs. i. 31, and known 

 to furnish the sabadilla or cevadilla seeds used as an anthelmintic and to destroy pediculi, — but of 

 late imported chiefly for manufacturing veratria ; an active and dangerous local stimulant, employed 

 as a substitute for colchicum (Dcscourtilz ann. linn. par. 1S24. and Lindl.). 



Helonias? officinalis of Eastern Mevico. — Observed there bv Schiede and Deppe, and ascer- 

 tained by them to furnish at least a portion of the sabadilla seeds of commerce (Schlecht. linn. vi. 45, 

 Don edinb. phil. journ. 1832, and Lindl.). 



* Carex iimnti/na of the shores of the North Atlantic. Described by Vahl act. haf. ii. 13 — and 

 in fl. Dan. pi. 703, also by Schkuhr t W. f. 74: known to grow on the seashore of Norway (Pers.). 

 Westward, was received by Hooker from Hudson Bay and Fort Cumberland ; was observed by myself 

 in salt marshes around Salem, Mass. 



