OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 1037 



^ " In this year" (Spreng., and Winckl.), Dombey in Peru, making with Ruiz and Pavon * botani- 

 cal investigations : — they remained "until 1788," the Flor. Peruv. prodrom. was published "in 1794," 

 and Dombey died "in 1795." 



"In this year" (Winckl.), Thom. Forrest publishing his Voyage to New Guinea and the 

 Moluccas. 



" 1780 A. D." (Holmes), news of the departure of the French fleet having reached New York an 

 expedition fitted out by the British, who on "May 12th" captured the city of Charleston. On or 

 about Sept. 23d, treachery detected in a colonial general on the Hudson, and the intended surrender 

 prevented. 



" The same year" (Pauth. 458), by the Chinese emperor Kien-loung, an extensive diverting canal 

 constructed, to control the inundations of the Hoang-ho. 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Ant. Turra publishing his Flor. ital. prodr. 



At this time (Spreng., and Winckler), Guldenstadt writing an account of his travels in Georgia, 

 Mingrelia, and throughout Caucasus. — He died "in 1781," and his travels were published "in 

 1787-91." 



" 1781 A. D." (Holmes), the British forces advancing Northward, opposed by a colonial army 

 under Greene: and after the battle of Guilford "March 15th," Cornwallis marched Eastward to Wil- 

 mington, and thence Northward, reaching Petersburg in Virginia " May 20th." Receiving instruc- 

 tions to secure a station for line-of-battle ships, and Portsmouth and Hampton roads having been 

 pronounced unfit, Cornwallis transferred his army increased to "seven thousand" men to Yorktown ; 

 and commenced fortifying. A French fleet of " twenty-eight sail of the line " under De Grasse arriv- 

 ing soon afterwards, blocked YorlP river and landed troops ; reinforcing La Fayette, who was in com- 

 mand of the colonial army in the vicinity. " Sept. 5th," a British fleet of "twenty sail of the line" 

 attempted relief; but "eight" more line-of-battle ships joining the French, the British admiral con- 

 cluded to withdraw. On hearing of the state of affairs, Washington abandoning all other plans, sent 

 "twelve thousand" men, the main body of his army, by way of Philadelphia South ; and following 

 himself, "Sept. 14th" reached the vicinity of Yorktown. "Oct. 19th," surrender of Cornwallis, with 

 the invested land and naval forces : regarded as the closing event of the war. 



" May 9th " (Holmes), by Don Galvez, Spanish governor of Louisiana, Pensacola captured from 

 the British ; and soon afterwards, the whole province of West Florida. 



" In this year" (Winckl.), Felix de Azara visiting Austral America, — remaining "until 1801." 



" May 13th" (Phil, trans, lxxi, and Humb. cosm iv.), the planet Uranus discovered by Herschel. 

 It had been seen previously by Flamstead "in 1690," and Tobias Mayer " in 1756;" and Herschel 

 himself — for a time supposed it to be a comet. Its six satellites, by an exception almost perpendicu- 

 lar to the ecliptic, were discovered by Herschel at different times from "Jan. nth, 1787" to " March 

 26th, 1794." 



" In this year" (]. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Linnaeus the younger publishing his Suppl., enumer- 

 ating! Forstera muscifolia, Ranunctdus Pennsylvanicus, Cyperus distans, Rottboella dimidiata, Hydro- 

 colyle ranunculoides, Arbutus laurifolia, Cornus alternifolia 125. — He died in " 1783." 



Epipactis ensifolia of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Termed " serapias xiphophyllum " 

 by Linnaeus jun. suppl. 404, — " s. ensifolia" in the 14th edit, by Murray, and known to grow from 

 Denmark throughout middle Europe (Ehrh., fl. Dan. pi. 506, Engl. bot. pi. 494, and Pers.) : observed 

 by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in woods from the Peloponnesus to the Bithynian Olympus. 



Utricalaria stcllaris of Tropical and Austral Africa ? Received by Linnaeus jun. suppl. 86 from 

 the rice-fields and deeper water in Hindustan (Pers.) ; observed by Graham "floating in tanks" in the 

 . environs of Bombay ; by Roxburgh cor. ii. pi. 180, in Bengal. Westward, was received by A. Decan- 

 dolle prodr. viii. 4 from the Mauritius Islands, Madagascar, Austral Africa, and Senegambia. 



"In this year" (append. Sibth., and Winckl.), Jacquin publishing the Second and concluding 

 volume of his Miscell. austr , and commencing his Icon, rar., enumerating Paspalum stoloniferiun ic. 

 rar. 302, Glottidium Floridatium ic. rar. i. 48, Artemisia biennis i. r. i. 172, Helenium quadridenta- 

 tum i. r. 593, Rudbeckia amplexifolia i. 1. iii. 592, Croton argyranthemvm i. r. iii. 621, Euphorbia 

 cyathophora, Wulfenia Carinthiaca ii. 8. f. 1 and ic. rar. i. pi. 2. 



* Cuscuta corymbosa of Chili and Peru. Observed by Ruiz and Pavon in Peru, but in cultivated 

 ground, especially among crops of Medicago sativa (Pers). Transported together to Europe in 

 " 1840 " (Choisy), it has continued to make its appearance wherever the mixed seed is sown ; but like 

 other species of Cuscuta, does not quit its sustaining plant, nor become truly naturalized (Engelman, 

 and A. Dec). 



f Carex heleonastes of Arctic Europe and the mountain-summits of Switzerland. Described by 

 Linnaeus jun. suppl. 414, Ehrhart (A. Dec), and Schkuhr pi. 51. f. 97, and known to grow in the 

 marshes of Sweden (Pers.) ; also on the Swiss Alps (A. Dec). 



