OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 1039 



for Canton; a "new branch of trade." The "first appearance of an Anglo-American trader in the 

 ports of India in " this year, is regarded by Crawfurd ix. 3. p. 250 as " the true era of the commence- 

 ment of fair and legitimate commerce between India and the civilized nations of the West." A ship 

 under Capt. Jonathan Ingersoll sailed from Salem " Nov. 27th " for the Cape of Good Hope, — and 

 for the ensuing forty years, American commerce with the Indian Seas was chiefly carried on from 

 Salem. 



" The same year " (coll. hist. iv. 199, and Holmes), by the Third census of Massachusetts, the 

 number of Whites ascertained to be "three hundred and fifty-three thousand one hundred and thirty- 

 three ; " and of Blacks, "four thousand three hundred and seventy-seven." 



"In this year" (Dallet 13), Christianity first introduced into Corea, chiefly through the philo- 

 sophical inquiries of Ni Tek-tso or Piek-i, who persuaded his friend Ni Seng-houn-i, one of the 

 ambassadors to Pekin, to procure there the books of the Christians. On arriving at Pekin, Seng- 

 houn-i visited one of the four Catholic churches, was baptized, and before the close of the year 

 returned with the books in question to Corea. 



" In this year" (J. E. Smith), L'Heritier publishing his Stirp. Nov., enumerating* Aristolochia 

 sipho, Ribes prostration i. 3, lihamnus alnifolius p. 5, Siege^beckia flosculosa pi. 19, — completed 

 "in 17S5 ;" his Geran., "in 1787-8." 



Aloysia citriodora of Austral America. A shrub transported to Europe and described by Ortega, 

 and L'Heritier i. pi. 11, — (Pers.): enumerated by Clot-Bey as recently introduced into the gardens 

 of Egypt. By European colonists also, carried to Hindustan, where it was observed by Law "in gar- 

 dens at Belgaum and Dharwar," thriving "luxuriantly," and "much esteemed for the delightful fra- 

 grance of its leaves" (Graham) ; to Burmah, enumerated as "exotic" by Mason; and to Northeast 

 America, where it has become frequent in greenhouses. In its wild state, was seen by Dombey in 

 Chili ; by Humboldt and Bonpland; and is said to grow also in Buenos Ayres (Pers.). 



As early as this year (Baldw. rel. 146), Eraser visiting the mountains of Carolina, meeting with 

 Collinsonia ovalis, Ceratiola ericoidcs, Carex Fraseri, Trichodium perennans, Panicum striatum, 

 Stipa stricta, Spermacoce involucrata, Ilex laxiflora, Loniceraflava, Ribes resinosum ; Oenothera Fra- 

 seri, Vaccinium crassifolium, Liatris cylindrica, Abies Fraseri. — His plants were communicated to 

 and described by his friend Walter. 



"The same year" (Spreng , and Winckl.), Pallas publishing his Flor. Ross., enumerating Cra- 

 taegus glandutosa i pi. 1 1, Spiraea betulaefolia i. pi. 16, — completed " in 1788." 



Ornithogalum Jimbriatum of the East Mediterranean countries. Described by Pallas (in n. act. 

 Petrop. x. 309), as received from Tauria — (Pers.): observed by Chaubard in the Peloponnesus. 



" 1785 A. D." (Holmes), treaty of amity and commerce with Prussia, signed by the American 

 plenipotentiaries at their respective places of residence; by Franklin at Passy "July 9th," Thomas 

 Jefferson at Paris " July 28th ; " and John Adams at London " Aug. 5th." 



" In this year '' (Pursh), Moench publishing his Ausland. baume, enumerating Aesculus flava, 

 Crataegus flava. — He died " in 1805 " (Spreng.). 



"In this year" (Dark, and Brendel in Am. Nat. for 1870), Humphrey Marshall of Philadelphia 

 publishing his Arbust. Amer., enumerating Salix humilis, S. sericea, Zanthorhiza apiifolia, Quercus 

 prinoides, Lonicera grata, Euonymus atropurpureus 76, Viburnum molle, Rhus aromatica. 



As early as this year ( . . . ), Walter in South Carolina meeting with Quercus lyrata, Trip- 

 lasis purpurea, Polygala polygama, Schrankia uncinata, Diodia teres, Lobelia glandulosa, Hex myr- 

 tifolia, I. dahoon, I. decidua, Styrax grandifolium, S. laeve, Utriciclaria inflata, U. purpurea, Gratiola 

 pilosa, Gerardia setacea, Stachys hyssopifolia, Sabbatia lanceolata, Gcutiana angustifolia, Forstero- 

 nia dijformis, Asclepias paupercula, Gonolobus hirsutus, G. macrophyllus, Asarum arifolium, Latirus 

 (Benzoin) melissaefolium, Phoradendron flavescens, Acalyplia Carolmiana, Phyllanthus Carolinensis, 

 A plectrum hyemale, Aletris aurea, Smilax IVa/teri, Helonias (Amianlhium) muscaetoxicum, Xyris 

 Caroliniana, Eriocaulon {Lachnocaulon) villosum, Trichodium elatum, Muklenbergia capillaris, 

 Ctenium aromalicum, Leptochloa mucronata, Festuca tenella; Andropogon macrourus, dissitiflorus / 

 Cyperus flavicomus, Trautvetteria palmata, Ranunculus pusillus, Delphinium azureum, Hibiscus 



* Eupatorium avapana of Eastern Equatorial America. Growing on the right bank of the 

 Amazons, and employed as an antidote against the bite of venomous serpents and insects; com- 

 mended for this purpose by L'Heritier, — said to be also a powerful sudorific and alexipharmic ( Vahl 

 symb. iii. p. 97. Vent. malm. pi. 3, Trattenick pi 16, Pers , and Lindl.). By European colonists, 

 carried to the Philippines, where it is mentioned by Blanco as recently introduced, easily cultivated, 

 and called " ayapana " in Tagalo ; also to Hindustan, where it was observed in gardens around Bom- 

 bay by Lush, and Graham; and to the Mauritius Islands, where the leaves are used as a substitute 

 for tea (Grah.). 



