OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 1045 



iSoi,"^ he left at Mauritius Island; and after "six months," proceeded to Madagascar, where he 

 established a botanic garden at Tamatave and died at the "end of December 1803." His Flor. bor. 

 am. was published in this year by L. C. Richard at Paris. 



" In this year " (J. E. Smith), Lamarck publishing his Diet, encvcl. bot.,* enumerating Panicum 

 agrostoides, Carex crinita, C. planiaginea, C. Pennsylvania, Coreopsis delphinifolia ii. p. 108. 



Piddingtonia nummularia of the mountains of Eastern Asia. A creeping Lobeliad described 

 by Lamarck enc. iii. 589. — In its wild state known to grow only in Nepal and on Java (Pers., and 

 A. Dec). 



Boerhaavia paniculata of Equatorial Africa ? Received from Guinea by Bentham fl. Nigr. p. 

 495. Described from American specimens by Lamarck, — and Richard (Steud.), and regarded by 

 Choisy as an American species. By European colonists was carried from one continent to the 

 other (A. Dec). 



Lipocarpha argentea of Equatorial Africa and Madagascar. A Cyperaceous plant received from 

 Senegal by Lamarck, —and known to grow in other parts of Equatorial Africa and in Madagascar 

 (Ad. Juss ). Probably by European colonists, carried Eastward, and to Tropical America (R. Brown 

 cong., and A. Dec). 



"The same year" (Brendel in Am. Nat. for 1870), in the expedition of Malaspina, Ne'e visiting 

 South America ; also Mexico, where he met with Quercus cininata, magnolicejolia, microphylla, 

 splendens, acutifolia, el/iplica, castanea, candicans, tomentosa.\ — Leaving Mexico, he continued 

 Westward to the islands of the Pacific, until " 1794." 



Dahlia variabilis of Mexico. Known to grow wild there (Pers ) ; and in this year, received at 

 Madrid (Cav. ic. i. pi. 80 and iii. pi. 265) : soon becoming a favourite flower in the gardens of Europe, 

 and by way of France according to Clot-Bey was introduced into Egypt : by European colonists also, 

 was carried to Hindustan, "several varieties" observed "in gardens" there by Graham; to Burmah, 

 "exotic" there according to Mason ; and to Northeast America, where it continues under cultivation 

 for ornament. 



" 1790 A. D." (Holmes), by census, the United States found to contain "three million nine hun- 

 dred twenty-nine thousand three hundred and twenty-six " inhabitants : including " six hundred ninety- 

 five thousand six hundred and fifty-five " slaves. 



" In this year " (Spreng.), Ludw. Castiglione publishing an account of his travels in North 

 America, containing a List of plants. 



The aboriginals of Surinam, described by G. H. Apthorp (hist. coll. i. p. 61) as "a harmless 

 friendly set of beings." in " general short of stature, but remarkably well made, of a light copper color" 

 (Mongolians), " straight black hair, without beards, high cheek bones, and broad shoulders ; " both 

 " men and women go naked ; " the women wearing "ornaments of silver, etc," in " their ears, noses, 

 and hair: " one tribe " tye the lower part of the leg of the female children, when young, with a cord 

 bound very tight for the breadth of six inches about the ancle, which cord is never afterwards taken 

 off but to put on a new one ; by this means the flesh which should otherwise grow on that part of the 

 leg increases the calf to a great size and leaves the bone below nearly bare." The language '' appears 

 to be very soft." They manufacture "a few articles, such as very fine cotton hammocks, earthen 

 water pots, baskets, a red or yellow dye called roucau (. ), and some other trifles, all which they 



bring to town and exchange for such articles as they stand in need of. They paint themselves red, 

 and some are curiously figured with black. Their food consists chiefly of fish, and crabs, and cassava, 

 of which they plant great quantities, and this is almost the only produce they attend to." Though not 

 "absolutely wandering tribes," their huts, "merely a few cross sticks covered with branches " to keep 

 out the rain and sun, are frequently abandoned "if they see occasion, and" they "establish them- 

 selves elsewhere. They do not shun the Whites, and have been serviceable against the run-away 

 Negroes." 



"In this year'' (append. Sibth.), J. E. Smith commencing the "English Botany," the figures by 

 Sowerby, — completed in "thirty-six volumes in 1814." 



" In this year" (Winckl.), Thuillier publishing his Flor. des environs de Paris, enumerating Carex 

 teretiuscula. 



* Carex Virginiana of Northeast America. A sedge forming hassocks or large projecting tufts 

 in marshes subject to overflow, and wounding the fingers if handled incautiously : from transported 

 specimens termed "c stricta " by Lamarck, — "c Virginiana" by J. E. Smith in Rees cycl. : 

 observed by myself from 43 to 39° along the Atlantic ; by J. Carey, " very common " (A. Gray) ; by 

 Muhlenberg, in Pennsylvania and Virginia; by Schweinitz, to 36° in North Carolina; by Elliot, in 

 upper Carolina ; and according to Torrey, grows from Canada to Georgia. 



f Quercus lobata of California. Specimens procured and described by Ne'e. 



