OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. IO49 



" The same year " (Nicol.), Catharine II. succeeded by Paul, now Russian emperor. 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Karl Gottl. Rafn publishing his Flor. Dan. and Holstein ; — the second 

 and concluding volume "in r8oo." 



" The same year " (Holmes), by Benjamin Thompson of Massachusetts or count Rumford of 

 Munich, a donation of "five thousand" dollars to the American academy of sciences : the interest to 

 be given as a premium every second year, for the most important discovery or improvement relating 

 to heat and light. This being confined to America : while (as appears from other authorities), a like 

 sum was given for the same purpose to a Society in Britain. 



"In this year" (Winckl.), F. A. Marschall von Bieberstein visiting the countries along the 

 Western shore of the Caspian, meeting with . . . (Willd. iii. 274). — He made subsequent visits "in 

 1798, 1802 and 1805," published his Flor. taur.-caucas. "in 1808," completed with a supplement "in 

 1819," and died "in 1826." 



"In this year" (Spreng. gesch.), Jo. Aloys. Froelich publishing his Gentian, libell., enumerating 

 Gentiana linearis 37. n. 11. 



" In this year " (Spreng.), Francis Masson publishing his Stapel. nov. 



In this year (Act. linn. soc. vi. pi. 28), Forster describing Solea concolor of North America (Ph.). 

 — He died "in 1798." 



" In this year" (Willd.), James Donn publishing his Cat. hort. cantabrig.* 



"In this year" (Spreng.), Lamarck completing the Fourth volume of his Diet, encycl. bot., 

 enumerating Hypericum fascicula/11 m iv. 153, H. galioides iv. 154. 



Momordica Senegalensis of Tropical Western Africa. Known to grow wild from Senegal to 

 Guinea (Pers., and A. Dec). Transported to Europe is described by Lamarck enc. iv. 239. — By 

 European colonists, transported also to Brazil, where it continues to occur near dwellings, following 

 the footsteps of man (M. A. de Cazal, and A. St. Hilaire). 



" 1797, Feb. 4th" (Cavanilles, and Humb. cosm. v.), earthquake destroying the citvof Riobamba 

 on the Andes, and in the course of a few minutes more than twenty thousand of its inhabitants. The 

 columns of smoke of the volcano of Pasto, at least 200 miles distant, diaappeared on the same morn- 

 ing, and never reappeared. 



" In this year " (append. Sibth.), Roth publishing his Catalect. Botan. 



Erysimum virgatum of the mountains of Western Europe. Described by Roth cat. i. 75 — ■ 

 (A. Dec.) : observed by Brotero i. 575 in Portugal; by Schleicher, in Switzerland (Pers.). Trans- 

 ported to Britain, has teen found adventive, springing up spontaneously (Wats. cyb. iii. 384). 



"April 17th" (praef), after his Amaranth, "in 1790," C. L. Willdenow publishing the First 

 volume of his Species plantarum, enumerating among botanical friends who had contributed dried 

 specimens Gunther, Hedwig, Hayne, Humboldt, Isert, Klein, Panzer, Pohl, Reiner, Roth, Rottler, 

 Rudolphi, Schmidt, Schrader, Timm, Trattinick, Usteri, Vahl : and among plants describing Muhlen- 

 bertiui ll'illdenovii, Calamagrostis conjinis (Steud.), Elymus strialus, Rhynchcspora cymosa, Eleo- 

 charis obtusa (Steud.), Leersia Virginica, Cetatochloa unioloides "festuca" of W. (Baldw. rel. 

 106-12) ; North American plants, communicated perhaps in all instances by Muhlenberg. 



" Julv 7th " (Holmes), a system of predatory violence under the authority of the French govern- 

 ment continuing, an act passed : To declare the treaties heretofore concluded with France, no longer 

 obligatory on the United States. 



" In this year '' (Jap. mann. 268), first appearance of an American ship in Japan, the Eliza of 

 New York, Capt. Stewart, hired by the Dutch authorities at Batavia in consequence of the war: the 

 Japanese officials were sorely perplexed by the crew speaking English, but at length convinced that 

 they were not "real English," the Eliza was admitted "as a Dutch ship." — Capt. Stewart afterwards 

 attempted unsuccessfully to open direct trade with Japan. 



"The same year" (Nicol.), Frederic William II. succeeded by Frederic William III., fifth king 



of Prussia. 



" In this year" (append. Sibth.), Jacquin publishing his Hort. schoenbr., enumerating Asclepias 



quadrifolia. 



"In this year" (Winckl.), Host publishing his Synops. plant, austr. ; — and " in 1827-31," his 



Flor. austr. 



* Clavlonia perfoliata of Northwest America. Growing according to Hooker from the mouth 

 of the Columbia to the Rocky mountains. Probably as a potherb transported to Mexico and Cuba 

 CDec.) and thence to Europe, where it is described by James Donn hort. cantab. p. 25, — (Willd.) ; 

 is termed "limnia perfoliata" by Haworth (Steud.), and of late years escaping from cultivation has 

 become naturalized around London : " in 1852," was observed by Corder at Ampthill, at a long dis- 

 tance from any garden ; and "in 1S53," was found at Weybridge and at Clapham (phytol. 485 to 982, 

 and A. Dec). Was seen in Cuba by Humboldt and Bonpland, and termed " c Cubensis." 



132 



