IO56 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



the degradation of the prince of Matsmai, judged incapable of protecting his subjects, and the conver- 

 sion of his principality with Yezo and the Kuriles into an imperial province. 



" In this year" (Klapr. mem. ii. 299), Klaproth at Irkoutsk in Siberia. 



" In this year" (suppl. Sibth.), Bivona Bernardi publishing his Cent. Plant. Sic. ; — his Monogr. 

 Tolpid. "in 1809." 



Carer sernilata of the Mediterranean countries. Observed by Bivona in Sicily : — by Chaubard, 

 in the subalpine portion of the Peloponnesus. 



Orchis Braucifortii of the Mediterranean countries. Observed by Bivona in Sicily ; — by Tenore, 

 in Italy and termed "o. quadripunctata," by Chaubard on the flanks of Taygetus in the Pelopon- 

 nesus 



Orchis longibractcata of the Mediterranean .countries. Observed by Bivona pi. 4 in Sicily ; — 

 by Chaubard in the Peloponnesus. 



Feb. 8th (Durand in Am. phil. trans ), F. A. Michaux on his way to America captured by a British 

 ship, but allowed to go on shore at Bermuda. He reached Maine towards the end of May, and his 

 Notice of Bermuda was published at Paris before the close of the year (Winckl.). • 



"July 12th " (Nicol.), through the emperor Napoleon, the Confederation of the Rhine : Francis II. 

 ceasing to be emperor of Germany and Italy; but becoming Austrian emperor, with the succession 

 made hereditary. 



"Oct. 25th" (Maunder), Berlin occupied by the French under Napoleon. "Dec. 24th," war 

 carried by the French be\ond the Yistuh into Eastern Prussia. 



As early as this year (Pers.. and Winckl ), Heinrich Gustav. Floerke publishing descriptions of 

 plants: — "in 1809-15, " his Lichen. Germ.; and died 1 ' in 1835." 



Pcaiailaris asplcnifolia of alpine summits from Austria to the Himalaya and Northwest America. 

 Observed by Floerke on the Salsburg Alps (hot. zeit. pi , Willd., and Pers.), and known to grow on 

 the Himalaya (Benth.), but not found in the intervening country (A. Dec). Farther East, observed 

 by Mertens around Norton Sound. 



" In this year" (append. Sibth.), after the first volume "in 1805," Sims and Konig publishing the 

 Second volume of their Annals of Botany," enumerating Atragene Americana, Silene regia. 



" In this year" (Winckl.), Swartz publishing his Synops. filicum, enumerating Woodsia oblusa 

 (Willd.) : — his Summ. veg. scand. "in 1814," and died "in 1818." 



" In this year" (Winckl.), H. A. Schrader publishing his Flor. German. — He died "in 1836." 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Edw. Rudge ^publishing his Plant, guian. rar. 



As early as this year (Pers. ii. p. 301), Turpin visiting Hayti, meeting with Glycine lignosa. 



" In this year" (A. Dec. p. 717), Shecutt publishing his Flor. Carol. 



In this year (Pursh pref. p. xii), Aloysius Enslen in Georgia and Lower Louisiana, meeting with f 

 Lvthrum alatum, Iris cuprea, Ccntaurclla aestivalis, Rhexia stricta, I/e/iaii/hc»n/m rosmarinifolium, 

 Dipteracaiitlias cihosus, Tephrosia chrysophylla, Silphinm laevigata in. 



"In this year" (pref. p. ix), Pursh journeying across Pennsylvania to Lake Ontario and the 

 mountains of New Hampshire, "returning as before by the sea-coast," meeting with % Ranunculus 

 cytnbalaria, Viola rostrata, V. clandestitw, Prinos laevigatas, Lysimachia longifolia, Acerates viri- 

 diflora, Salix angustata, S. pedicellaris, Platanthcra orbiculata, Cyperus injlexits, Paniaim depaupe- 

 ratuni, P. elongalum, Galium mierantln/m, Siueriia pitsi/la. Allium triflontm. 



" 1S07, June" (Maunder), an American ship of war fired into by a British ship of superior force, 

 and after striking her flag, searched for deserters ; and four men carried away. — The affair led first 

 to an embargo, and eventually to war. 



" The same \ ear" ( . ), Selim III. succeeded by Mustafa IV., thirtieth Turkish sultan. The 

 English in this year (Clot-Bey, and others) took possession of Alexandria : but after about six months, 

 were compelled to re-embark. 



* Nymphaa ampla of the West Indies and neighbouring portion of Tropical America. Described 

 by Salisbury in ann. bot. ii. 69 (Steud.). Known to grow wild on Hayti, Jamaica, around Vera Cruz, 

 and in Guayana (Dec. syst. ii. 54, and A. Dec). 



f Sagina decumhens of Carolina and the Lower Mississippi. Observed by Enslen in Carolina 

 (Ph., and Wats ) ; termed "spergula decumbens " by Elliot ; observed by Chapman, in "damp cul- 

 tivated ground, common ; " was received by Torrey and Gray from Louisiana. Eastward, is termed 

 !'s. Eliotii" by Fenzl, though according to Decandolle, and A. Decandolle, occurring in middle 

 Europe. 



% Potentilla arguta of Northeast America. Observed by Pursh in Canada and along the Susque- 

 hanna in Pennsylvania, and termed "geum agrimonoides ; " — by Bigelow, near Boston, and termed 

 " IJontia;" by myself, near Salem, the flowers white: its Southern limit may thus be placed at about 

 41 30'. 



