OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. IO59 



In this year (reliq. Baldw. 25 to 79), Muhlenberg at Lancaster Penns., meeting with or receiving 

 from correspondents Scirpus planifolius 26, Oryzopsis melanocarpa 45, having completed his Cata- 

 logue N. Am. plants, in which are enumerated Ranunculus fascicularis, Trifolium stoloniferum, 

 Desmodium hitmifusum, Hydrocotyle interrupta, Xylosteum oblongifolium, Solidago squarrosa, Genti- 

 ana alba, Smilax hispida, Festuca? nutans, Eleocharis tenuis, Aesculus glabra, Epilobium colora- 

 tum, Acerates connivens (Baldw. rel. 107) ; Scirpus atrovirens ("exaltatus" of Ph., B. r. 289); — 

 the work was published " in 1813" (Winckl.). 



"Apr. 8th to Nov. 4th " (reliq. 25 to 51), William Baldwin at Wilmington Del. sending plants to 

 Muhlenberg, including Ceraslium oblongifolium 26. 



" In this year" (Sieb. eluc. Vries 50, and Jap. mann. 282), Golownin in a Russian frigate explor- 

 ing the Japanese seas, but landing on the Kurile island Kunashir, was surprised, overpowered, and 

 with his officers and boat's crew made prisoners. They were conveyed bound to Matsmai, — and 

 detained "nearly two years" until the arrival of a satisfactory disavowal of the Saghalien incursion. 

 " 1812 A. D." (Inman), Louisiana, with restricted boundaries, admitted into the Union as a State. 

 "Apr. 20th " (reliq. 53-75), after landing at Charleston in the beginning of December i8n, and 

 visiting. Savannah, Baldwin at the " Creek Agency on Flint river" in " Lat. 32 39'" at the foot of 

 the Alleghanies, meeting with Silene Baldwini 73, IValdstcinia lobata 93, Rumex {Acetosella) hasta- 

 tulus 147 : after visiting Coweta town on the Chatahoochee, he returned to Savannah, and " May 

 30th " reached his station at St. Mary's where he met with Eleocharis (Chcetocyperus) Baldwini 341, 

 Eryngium aromatic 11 in, 203, Palafoxia integrifolia 335, — and in the two following years Gratiola 

 subulata 117, Gvmnadenia nivea 117, Eryngium Baldwini 154, Erianthus striclus 335, Psoralen 

 virgata 337, Xyris Baldwini 337, " x. cylindrica" white-flowered 210 to 337 X. torta?, Panicum 

 viscidum 207, Salvia {Dicerandra) linearifolia 280, Rhynchospora Elliottii 285, Dichromena lati- 

 folia (Chapm.). 



At this time (Baldw. 52 to 153), Oemler at Savannah, sending plants to Muhlenberg, and Elliot, 

 including Collinsonia verticillata, Coreopsis Oemleri. 



As early as this year (see Pursh), Colmaster at Labrador, meeting with Polentilla emarginata, 

 Artemisia spithamaa, Arnica plantaginea, Platanthera dilatata. 



" In this year" (Pritzel, and Lindl.), after his Botanico-med. brasil. "in 1803," Gomez publish- 

 ing in acad. Lisb. ii. 23 a memoir on certain plants.* 



"June iSth" (Maunder), act of the American congress, declaring war against Britain. 

 "Aug. 17th" (Maunder), capture of Smolensko ; followed by the battle at Borodino, and the 

 entrance of the French army into Moscow. The city was burned by its inhabitants, and " Oct. 19th " the 

 French army commenced their retreat ; but through the want of supplies, the severity of the winter, 

 length of the journey, and the pursuing Russians, was almost annihilated before reaching Saxony. 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Palisot de Beauvois publishing his Agrostographie, enumerating 

 Triplasis Americana (Chapm.). — He died " in 1820." 



" 1813, February" (Maunder), manifesto of the emperor Alexander at the head of his army in 

 Poland ; serving as a basis for the coalition of other European powers against Napoleon. Prussia 

 joined at once, and was followed by Austria ; and " Oct. 18th " at Leipsic, the French, abandoned in 

 the midst of battle by the Saxon troops, were defeated. After another defeat " Oct. 30th " at Hanau, 

 the French were driven across the Rhine ; the pursuing army following them into France. 



" In this year" (A. Dec. 627, and Winckl.), Hugh Davies publishing his "Welsh botanology : " 

 a flora of Anglesey, with Welsh names of the plants. 



" In this year" (Spreng.), C. S. Kunth publishing his Flor. berolin. 

 " In this year" (Spreng.), Mich. Fel. Dunal publishing his Hist, des Solanum. 

 " The s.ime 5 ear " (Pauth. 3), under the editorship of the younger De Guignes, publication at Paris 

 of the first Chinese dictionary for the use of Europeans. 



"In this year" (J. F. Wats.), Whitelaw Ainslie at Madras publishing his "Materia medica 

 of Hindoostan." 



" In this year" (Pursh p. 735), publication of Fraser's Catalogue, including plants collected by 

 Nuttall on the Missouri. 



* Mikania opifcra of Brazil. A climbing plant called there " erva da cobra," employed exter- 

 nally and internally in cases of bites of venomous serpents, and said to effect a cure by its powerful 

 diuretic action — (Mart. trav. i. 327, and Lindl.). 



Tristegis glutinosa of Southern Brazil. A grass called "capim gordura" that extended itself 

 from "17° '40' S." into the province of Minas Geraes a few years before the visit of A. Saint- 

 Hilaire taking possession of the soil wherever an isolated forest in the midst of the plains "campos" 

 is burned (aim. sc. nat. xxiv. 76, and A - Dec). 



