IO70 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



— The beginning of researches which have led to similar discoveries at the bottom of most of the 

 Swiss lakes. 



"1854, Sept. 3d" (Sieb. elucid. Vries p. 69), during the Crimean war, Urup supposed to be a 

 Russian island, taken possession of by two French frigates. The Russian ambassador Putiatine 

 happening to be in Japan, where he had proposed the cession of Urup to Russia, the consent of the 

 Japanese government was now obtained, — and in accordance therewith, a treaty was soon framed 

 (see 1856). 



Hardly later than this year (A. Dec. g. b. 1009), Lecoq and Lamotte publishing their Cat. 

 plant, centr.* 



'Tn this year" (title-page), Winckler publishing his Botanical writers. 



1S54-5 (Inman), act of Congress for organizing the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. 



" 1855 A. D." (title-page and pref ), Alphonse Decandolle publishing his Geogr. Bot. 



" 1856 A. D." (Sieb. p. 70, and journ. St. Petersb. 28th Apr. 1857), by treaty, the boundary 

 between Russia and Japan to be in future between Yeterop and Urup ; Urup with the Northern 

 Kurils to belong to Russia, and the large island of Kr.ifto (Saghalien) to be neutral ground. 



" July and September" (Humb. cosm. v.), the mountain chain of the Kuen-lun, stretching East 

 and West, reached and traversed by the brothers Hermann and Robert Schlagintweit ; journeying 

 from Ladak over the Karakorum pass " [8,304 feet" in elevation. 



"In this year" (Troyon pref.), publication by Wilde of his Researches, "commenced in 1836," 

 on the crannoges or lake-dwellings of the ancient Irish. 



" 1859, August" (Boston Transcript for July 28th, 1 871), oil having been remarked for many years 

 floating in small patches down Oil Creek, a tributary of the Alleghany in Pennsylvania, boring under- 

 taken by one of the inhabitants, Drake, residing there, and at the depth of "seven hundred feet" the 

 source of supply reached. The commencement of traffic in petroleum. 



" In this year " (title-page), A. Gray publishing a revised edition of his Flor North. U. States. 



" i860, Oct. 13th" (Dallet ii. 463), Pekin captured by the combined forces of the English and 

 French. A panic prevailed in consequence throughout Corea, but gradually subsided, — and after 

 about a year the persecutions against Christians recommenced. 



"November" (Dallet hist. Cor. p. ii.), territory in Mandshuria, extending along the Pacific as 

 far South as the Corean frontier and the mouth of the Tou-man-kang in 41° 50', ceded by China to 

 Russia. 



" In this year" (title-page, and pref.), Chapman publishing his Flor. South. U. States. 



" 1861, March 20th, a quarter to eight p.m." (letter in Boston Journal of May 6th), severe earth- 

 quake felt throughout Chili ; and East of the Ancles, in " about six seconds " levelling the city of 

 Mendoza containing " more than twelve thousand " inhabitants, leaving " not a house " standing. 



" April 12th " (Bemis in Boston Advertiser of May 3d, 1S60. Fort Sumter in Charleston harbour 

 assailed by the populace ; and on the " 14th," captured. 



"April 15th," letter from Lyons, British minister at Washington, announcing the intention of 

 President Lincoln "to adopt coercive measures against the South." The letter was "received in 

 London, April 30th '' (parliam. blue b. i. p. 19, and Bemis). 



Aroused from bed at "two a.m." and informed of the call for troops, Capt. Dyke of Stoneham 

 reported at " half past nine " at Boston, with his company full and " fully equipped." At " half past 

 five" in the evening, the Sixth regiment left Boston: and April 19th, not "forty-eight" hours from 

 his midnight summons, Capt. Dyke was lying wounded in Baltimore, more than four hundred miles 

 from home (Boston Journal of April 24th). 



"April 19th," proclamation by President Lincoln, announcing the intention of blockading the 

 ports of seven States, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. 

 " April 27th," a second proclamation ; including with the above North Carolina and Virginia, they 

 having in the interval joined the insurrection. The blockade was actually established "April 30th " 

 in the Chesapeake ; off Charleston, " May 13th ; " off Mobile, " May 27th ; " and off the mouths of 

 the Mississippi, " May 28th " (Bemis). 



"April 20th " (Boston Traveller of May 8th, and other newspapers), balioon-vovage of T.'S. C. 

 Lowe from Cincinnati to Pea Ridge district in South Carolina, more than a thousand miles, in "nine 

 hours." 



"April 22d," letter from minister Lyons at Washington, communicating the blockade proclama- 

 tion. The letter was received in London " May loth" (parliam. blue b. i. 23, London Times of March 

 22d, 1S05, and Bemis). 



* Armaria ti-'cricina of France. Observed by Lecoq and Lamotte 104 on the mountains of 

 Central France — (A. Dec; see A. ciliata). 



