liv AMERICAN FISHES. 
are lost. The animals of this area have been segregated into a peculiar 
CAROLINIAN Fauna. 
The difference between the Virginian and Carolinian faunas is slight, and 
manifest most at their extremes. In both the similarity to European faunas, 
so evident in the northern ones, has almost disappeared. Most of the char- 
acteristic genera are nearly related to Caribbean types, and many other 
genera are of tropical origin and represented by outliers along the sandy 
American coast. The most important of the species belong to the families 
of Clupeids, Mugilids, Scombrids, Carangids, Pomatomids, Serranids, Sparids, 
Sciznids, Labrids, Gadids, and Pleuronectids. 
The Sturgeons and some of the most valuable of the Clupeids of this 
region are anadromous fishes, and are caught during their ascent of the 
rivers; consequently they have been enumerated in the catalogue of the 
cismontane fresh-water fishes rather than in the following list. 
FAMILY OF LEPTOCEPHALIDS OR CONGERS. 
Leptocephalus conger: Conger; Conger Eel; Sea Eel (p. 518). 
FAMILY OF ANGUILLIDS OR EELS. 
Anguilla chrisypa: Eel; Common Eel (p. 515). 
FAMILY OF CLUPEIDS OR HERRINGS. 
Clupea harengus: the Herring (p. 381). 
Brevoortia tyrannus: the Menhaden (p. 385). 
FAMILY OF ENGRAULIDIDS OR ANCHOVIES. 
Engraulis brownii: Striped Anchovy; Sardine. (Stolephorus browni, p. 408.) 
Engraulis mitchilli: Little Anchovy. (Stolephorus mitchilli, p. 408.) 
FAMILY OF DOROSOMIDS OR GIZZARD SHADS. 
Dorosoma cepedianum: Gizzard Shad; Mud Shad (p. 409). 
FAMILY OF ARGENTINIDS OR SMELTS. 
Osmerus mordax: Smelt (p. 503). 
Mallotus villosus: Capelin (p. 511). 
FAMILY OF MUGILIDS OR MULLETS. 
Mugil cephalus: Common Mullet; Striped Mullet. (Mugil albula, p. 365.) 
Mugil curema: White Mullet; Blue-backed Mullet. (Mugil brasiliensis, 
P- 365-) 
FAMILY OF MULLIDS OR SURMULLETS.* 
Mullus auratus: American Surmullet (p. 375). 
* Mullus barbatus: European Surmullet (p. 375). — Extralimital, 
