BONITOES AND TUNNIES. 213 
own experiments with it are hardly confirmatory of this statement, but in 
Southern Europe all the fishes of this family are very highly esteemed, and 
that it is not appreciated with us is perhaps due to the fact that we do not 
know how to cook them. | I find the following note by Prof. Baird: 
‘¢ Flesh, when cooked, dark brown all around the backbone, elsewhere 
quite dark, precisely like horse-mackerel. Flesh very firm, compact and 
sweet.’ 
Stearns records its frequent occurrence in the Gulf of Mexico, where he 
has observed individual specimens at Pensacola and Key West. 
The habits of this fish have not been specially studied, but there is no 
reason to doubt that they correspond closely with those of others of the 
same family. 
The Frigate Mackerel, Aux?s thazard, is a species which has lately made 
its appearance in our waters, none having been observed before 1880, 
when they came in almost-countless numbers. It is yet to be determined 
whether it is to be a permanent accession to our fauna. The United 
States Fish Commission obtained numerous specimens, twenty-eight bar- 
rels having been taken in a mackerel seine ten miles east of Block Island 
on August 3, 1880, by the schooner ‘‘ American Eagle,’’ Capt. Joshua 
Chase, of Provincetown, Mass. 
The Frigate Mackerel resembles, in some particulars, the common 
Mackerel ; in others, the Bonito, the genus Auwx7zs being intermediate in 
its character between the Scomber and the related genera Sarda and 
Orcynus. It has the two dorsal fins remote from each other as in Scoméer, 
and the general form of the body is slender, like that of the Mackerel. 
The body is, however, somewhat stouter, and, instead of being covered 
with small scales of uniform size, has a corselet of larger scales under and 
behind the pectoral fins. Instead of the two small keels upon each side 
of the tail, which are so noticeable in the Mackerel, it has the single, 
more prominent keel of the Bonito and the Tunny. Its color is greyish- 
blue, something like that of the pollock, the belly being lighter than the 
back. Under the posterior part of the body, above the lateral line, are a 
few cloudings or maculations resembling those of the Mackerel. The 
occurrence of a large school of this beautiful species in our waters is very 
noteworthy, for the fish now for the first time observed are very possibly 
the precursors of numerous schools yet to follow. 
The Frigate Mackerel has been observed in the West Indies, and other 
