394 AMERICAN FISHES. 
the small animals upon which they feed. In Southern New England there 
are two species, P. palmipes and P. evolans, the latter distinguished by the 
presence of dark stripes upon its sides. These attain the length of fifteen 
to eighteen inches and a weight of one and a quarter to two pounds. 
They have excellent food qualities, but are eaten, so far as we have 
record, only in the vicinity of Hartford, Conn., where they are known as 
‘‘Wing-fish.’’ They are taken in great quantities in the pound-nets along 
the Vineyard Sound, especially the unstriped species, the habits of which 
are better understood than those of the allied species. It feeds upon 
crabs, shrimps, and small fishes. 
In Vineyard Sound the Sea-robin spawns during the summer months. 
A specimen obtained at Woods Holl, August 12, 1875, contained eggs 
nearly ripe. Another, observed at Noank, Conn., July 11, 1874, was in 
precisely the same condition. Lyman states that in 1871 the eggs, which 
are bright orange, were thrown up in quantities during the last third of 
May on the beach on the inner parts of Waquoit Bay, and the females had 
well developed spawn in them. 
The species just mentioned are found as far north as Cape Cod; the 
Web-fingered Sea-robin, P. pa/mipes, even north of the Cape, two or three 
specimens having been obtained in the vicinity of Salem and Lynn. 
These two species apparently do not occur much to the south of Cape 
Hatteras, and on our Southern coast they are replaced by others which 
are smaller, and, at present, of no economic importance. The genus 
Frionotus does not occur in Europe, the family being there represented by 
a very similar form, genus Z?rig/a, which, however, has still smaller wings. 
Its habits are much the same. A single specimen of the Red Gurnard of 
Europe, Zrigla cuculus, is said (erroneously) to have been taken at New 
York. Europe has nine species of Z7ig/a, most of which are highly esteemed 
for food ; some of these species have been known to attain the length of 
two feet, and the weight of eleven pounds. These fishes are held in high 
estimation, and are frequently seen in the markets. 
Parnell writes: “The Red Gurnard occurs on the Devonshire coast in 
great numbers, and on some occasions thousands of them may be seen 
exposed for sale daily, especially in those small towns where the trawl- 
boat fishing is carried on. The flesh is firm and well-flavored. The 
Tub-fish, 7: Airundo, is of frequent occurrence on the west coast of Scot- 
land, and is occasionally brought to the Edinburgh market. Its flesh is 
