COD, POLLOCK, HADDOCK AND HAKE. 335 
I have before me the statements of nearly a hundred observers which I 
hope to discuss more fully at some future time. Their opinions confirm, 
in a very striking manner, the generalization just stated. They show that 
while on the coast of Maine the Cod leave the immediate shores in the 
autumn, not reappearing in any considerable numbers until late in the 
following spring, south of Cape Cod they approach the shore only in the 
winter season, while during the summer they keep out in the cold Labra- 
bor current, which extends south to the inside of the current of the Gulf 
stream. In Vineyard Sound, Buzzard’s Bay, and off the shores of 
Connecticut, New York, Delaware, New Jersey, and even in Eastern 
Virginia, there is excellent fishing during the winter season. ‘‘ A wise 
provision of nature,’’ remarks Prof. Baird, ‘‘in the absence of so many 
species that supply food during the summer.’’ 
It will probably be found that fishing in deeper water in these same 
regions in summer will bring to light an abundance of Cod. 
In Norway they are caught, to some extent, in the fiords in the summer 
season, though more are caught in winter, while in summer great numbers 
of them still remain on the off-shore banks. 
From Prof. Hind’s pen the following paragraphs are taken : 
‘‘When the coasts of Finmark are thronged with fishermen catching 
their fares of the ‘‘Lodde,’ or summer Cod, the shores of Northeast New- 
foundland and the shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence are alive with 
fishermen successfully capturing the same variety of fish in British 
American waters ; and when the Russian on the Murmanian coast is laying 
in his winter stock of Cod, and accumulating a large overplus for a foreign 
market, the New Foundlander and the Labradorian are securing their 
fares at the Moravian missionary stations, Okak and Nain. So, also, in 
the North Sea and on the coast of the British Isles, around the Faroe 
Islands, all along the Icelandic shores, on the south coast of Greenland, 
off Arksut Fiord, away up north to Torske Banks, and down the Atlantic 
coast of America to over the Grand Banks, and as far as, and even beyond, 
St. George’s Shoal, the Cod is taken simultaneously and in great 
abundance. 
“Local variations of days, and even weeks, occur in a coast line or 
stretch of shallow sea of not more than one hundred miles in length; but 
these arise from the one great leading cause which guides the Cod in its 
approach to known feeding grounds on the coast or known banks at sea. 
This leading cause is temperature, which determines the movement towards 
the coast of the various forms of marine life on which the Cod, inhabiting 
different waters, is accustomed to feed. - - + The Cod, caught on 
