CARP, DACE AND MINNOW. 42 
one of those leather-mouthed fish that has his teeth in his throat, and will 
hardly be lost off from the hook if he be once strucken.’’ 
We have no true Gudgeons in America, but the name is familiar to 
every American. It is a curious illustration of the persistence and vitality 
of popular sayings—that any man of English descent, be he of the East, 
West or South, if in fishing his hook brings up a worthless object, a stick, 
a tin-can or arusty crinoline, will remark that he has ‘‘ caught a gudgeon.’’ 
And this is simply a manner of speech handed down to him through 
several generations, from his English forefathers. The dramas current in 
England at the time when America was first colonized were full of allusions 
to Gudgeon catching, which seem to have been a part of the slang lan- 
guage of the day, and in which the man who fished for Gudgeon seems to 
have been considered as contemptible as the Gudgeon itself. 
In 1533, three hundred and fifty years ago, Holinshed in his ‘‘ Chronicle 
of Ireland’’ asked: ‘‘Do you think that James was so mad as to gape for 
gogions?’’ and Butler in ‘‘ Hudibras’’ said : 
‘*Make fools believe in their foreseeing 
Of things before they are in being 
To swallow gudgeons ’ere they’re catched 
And count their chickens ’ere they’re hatched.”’ 
Webster in his drama, ‘‘ The Devil’s Law-Case,’’ in 1623, made Romelio 
to say: 
**T would wish my noble venturer take heed, 
It may be that while he hopes to catch a gilt-head 
He may draw up a gudgeon.” [Act 1, Se. 1.] 
Barry in his ‘‘ Ram-Alley ; or, Merry Tricks,’’ in 1611, made use of this 
dialogue: 
Adriana: ‘Y took you for a novice, and I must think 
You know not the inwards of a woman. 
Do you not know that women are like fish, 
Which must be struck when they are brave to bite, 
Or all your labor’s lost.” 
Small-Shanks: Has the gudgeon bit ? ' 
Frances: He has been nibbling. [Act 2, Se. 1.] 
Ben Jonson and Richard Duke also alluded to the gudgeon, and we all 
are familiar with the advice of Gratiano in ‘* The Merchant of Venice:’’ 
‘* But fish not with his melancholly baite, 
For this fool gudgeon, this opinion. [Act 1, Se. 1.] 
