CARP, DACE AND MINNOW. 427 
with it to the markets. A third species (Ptychochilus luctus) occurs in the 
lower course of the Rio Colorado, and is said to reach a still larger size— 
a length of five or six feet. 
Mylopharodon conocephalus occurs with Piychochilus oregonensis in the 
Sacramento, and is brought with it into the markets. It reaches a size 
scarcely less than that of P. oregonensis, but is less plentiful. 
Mylochilus caurinus abounds from California to Puget Sound in all the 
streams of Oregon, Washington and Idaho, and often enters the sea. It 
reaches a length of little more than a foot, and is used for food where trout 
and other better fishes abound. Its great numbers, however, give it a 
special claim to notice. 
The Split-tail, Pogonichthys macrolepidotus, is very common in the Sacra- 
mento, and is brought in considerable numbers to the San Francisco 
market. It reaches a length of about eighteen inches. 
The ‘‘ Cut-lips,’’ ‘* Day Chub,’”’ or ‘‘ Nigger Chub,’’ LZxoglossum 
maxillingua, has but a narrow distribution, being found in abundance only 
in the basin of the Susquehanna. It reaches a length of six or eight inches, 
and has no economic importance. 
Lavinia extlicauda is found in some abundance in most streams of Cali- 
fornia, and comes occasionally into the market. It reaches a length of 
about fifteen inches. 
Orthodon microlepidotus occurs in most streams of California in consider- 
able abundance. A good many are sent to the market of San Francisco, 
where they are eaten by the Chinese. It reaches a length of about eighteen 
inches. 
The Hard-mouth Chub, Acrochilus alutaceus, is found in the rivers of 
Washington and Oregon. It reaches a length of about a foot, but is only 
rarely eaten. 
The name Dace in the Eastern states has been appropriated by a species 
perhaps more strictly entitled to be called a chub, but which is not likely 
ever to relinquishits time-honored appellation. This is the Dace or Horned 
Dace, Semotilus corporalis, a fish which abounds in all small streams and 
ponds from Western Massachusetts to Nebraska and southward. It reaches 
the length of about a foot, and is beautiful, active and gamy, rising to the 
fly almost like a brook trout, though usually taken with worm-bait. The 
‘‘horns’’ to this and other Minnows and Chubs are dermal excrescences 
developed on the males in the breeding season, but absent at other times. 
The name Corporal seems to have been derived from the Dutch or 
German settlers of the Middle States. ‘‘ Corporaalen’’ is one of its com- 
mon names in that region. 
Very closely allied to the Eastern Dace is the ‘‘ Fall-fish,’’ Semotidus 
