92 BIEDS OF A MABYLAND FARM. 



of honey bees. The parasitic wasps included forms of the families 

 lehneumonidse and Scoliida?. Of the beetles, which were by all means 

 the most interesting element of the insect food, ground-beetles (includ- 

 ing Anisodactylus and Cratacanthus dvMus) furnished 2 percent, tiger- 

 beetles, soldier-beetles {Chaul lognathus jpennsylvanicus), and dung- 

 beetles {Atseniiis and Aphodius) 3 percent, and injurious beetles of the 

 following. sjJecies 30 percent: 



Rose-chafer {Macrodactyhu subspinosus). Locust leaf-mining beetle {Odontota dor- 

 Southern June-beetle (Allorhina nilida). salts) . 



Shining leaf-chafer {Anomala). Blister-beetle {Epicauia cinerea). 



8sid&ower-heet\e{Euphorianulancholica) . Asparagus-beetle {Cfrioceris asparagi). 

 Long-horned beetles (including Lepturd). 



Asparagus- beetles and blister-beetles are scarcely ever eaten by 

 other birds and rose-chafers seldom; hence the service I'endered by the 

 kingbird in destroying these insects and others of an injurious charac- 

 ter in large numbers makes it one of the most valuable allies of the 

 farmer. 



Of the remaining flycatchers collected, the wood pewee and the 

 Acadian flycatcher are purely insectivorous, and the phoebe and the 

 great crested flycatcher, though subsisting chiefly on insects, quite 

 often, especiall}' in late summer, varjj^ their fare with fruit. 



One Acadian flycatcher was collected. It had eaten a spider, a 

 parasitic wasp, a long-horned beetle, a leaf -beetle (Crepidodera), and 

 a banded-winged horsefly {Chrysojas). 



Of 11 wood pewees all had taken beetles, including click-beetles, long- 

 horned beetles {Lej>turarubrica),Aang-\)&&i\es, (^Onthophagus pennsyl- 

 van/cus), sol8ier-l)eetles {Chauliognathiis pennsylvanicus), locust leaf- 

 mining beetles ( Odontota dorsalis) and a related leaf -beetle {Hsemonia 

 nigricornis), and weevils of the species Phytonomv.s punctatus and 

 Sphenoplwrus zese. Seven had destroyed parasitic wasps, including 

 Braconidee, Evaniidae, lohneumonidse {Mesostenus and others), and 

 Scoliidse {Tiphia inornata); 4 had eaten flies {Chironomvs, Sapro- 

 myza vulgaris, iMcilia esesar, and other muscid flies); 1 had taken a 

 moth; and 3 had eaten, respectively, a caddis-fly, a May-beetle, and a 

 spider. Although the wood pewee destroys large numbers of injuri- 

 ous insects, especially beetles, it feeds so eagerly on the useful para- 

 sitic wasps that its scarcity at Marshall Hall was perhaps fortunate 

 for the owners of the farms. 



Three phoebe (fig. 33) stomachs were collected. Their contents were 

 chiefly beetles of the following kinds: 



Aniaodaclylus. Lachnostema. 



Oicindela. Odontota dorsalis. 



Chauliognathus penwrylvardaiK. Orsodachna atra. 



Canthon. Collops quadrimaculatus. 



Aphodius inquinatus. Lema trilineata. 

 Onthophagus pennsylivimcus. 



