THE LIFE OF MAMMALS 
They go about in flocks of both sexes and all ages, and are 
active, noisy, like to scramble about rocks, and some swim and 
dive well. Blanford,’® who describes them extensively, says 
that their food is varied, most or all eating insects and snails, as 
well as seeds, berries, fruits, etc., while one kind feeds entirely 
on crabs and the like gathered at low tide. In some parts of 
India they do great damage in gardens, where they have occa- 
sionally been seen to devour lizards and frogs. All cram the 
food into their cheek pouches and then hide away to chew it 
at leisure. Their doglike teeth and strong nails are capable 
of inflicting severe wounds, so that old ones are well able to 
defend themselves in the warfare of the jungle. 
The Malayan pig-tailed macaque has been taught for centuries in the 
East Indies to climb trees and throw down ripe cocoanuts, avoiding green 
ones. The “‘little, graceful, grimacing rilawa, or bonnet macaque of Ceylon,” 
says Tennent, ‘‘is the universal pet and favorite of both natives and Euro- 
peans. ‘Tamil conjurers teach it to dance, and carry it from village to 
village, clad in a grotesque dress, to exhibit its lively performances.” Of 
the rare leonine macaque of upper Burma, which is black, and has a great 
horseshoe-shaped mane about its head and shoulders, a specimen named 
Sally lived in the London “Zoo” in 1869 and showed extraordinary clever- 
ness. She walked upright with little effort, and carried things thus, and 
would drink out of a bottle or smoke a pipe — relics of her education on 
shipboard. The dried flesh and bones of a Chinese macaque form a mate- 
rial for medicine; and the Chinese of Formosa invariably chop off the tail 
of the single Formosan species, because, as they explain, it is an insulting 
caricature of their cue. One of their old books informs its readers that the 
macaque has no stomach, but digests its food by jumping about and so 
shaking it up until it is absorbed by the system. The monkey which ap- 
pears so numerously in Japanese bronzes and pictures is a macaque pecul- 
iar to Nippon, where it ranges farther north than any other monkey known, 
and is careless of cold and snow. 
Of all this group the best known is the widespread little 
yellowish Bengal or rhesus monkey, which abounds in north- 
ern India and eastward to China, some living in the high north- 
ern mountains, where they have acquired a thick undercoat of 
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