THE LIFE OF MAMMALS 
feet long, light brown, with the naked parts pinkish, and no 
tail. These apes are interesting historically as furnishing the 
“subjects” used for anatomical study 
in the old days when Aristotle, Galen, 
and other early naturalists and sur- 
geons were forbidden to dissect hu- 
man bodies. 
This brings us to the most repul- 
sive of all the Primates, yet of much 
scientific interest, — the 
= hy hy iN N nN \ Baboons. 
FGA, TT MY = baboons. They number 
GreraRe Mee about a dozen species, all African 
and Arabian except one, — the jet- 
black, wood-ranging, fruit-eating baboon of the forests of 
Celebes and Betchuan, which, as its habits would suggest, 
stands somewhat intermediate between them and the ma- 
caques. Its lone presence in the East (recalling that of the 
single African macaque) is an example of the many likenesses 
between the faunas of the Africa-Arabian and the Indo-Malayan 
region, and a reminder that in a former era these faunas were one, 
supposedly continuous on lands now lost in the Indian Ocean. 
Ehe African baboons present striking peculiarities in ap- 
pearance, and all are much alike. In size they vary from the 
bigness of a spaniel to that of a mastiff, and a comparison with 
dogs is apt, for these apes go about habitually on all fours, 
their limbs are stout and of about equal length, and their heads 
and muzzles are canine; hence the ancient name cynocephali, 
dog-headed. In some, as the mandrill, the naked nose is 
swollen at the sides like a hog’s snout, thrown into ridges and 
colored black, pale pink, or blue and purple; while the great 
callosities on the stern are of the same or contrasted colors. 
When the beast is enraged or otherwise much excited,. these colors glow 
with great brilliancy. It has been observed in the cases of all the apes so 
colored that the red hinder end is a subject of great pride, and that they 
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