THE LIFE OF MAMMALS 
quainted with this ape’s character and intelligence when 
tamed, though still in the dark as to the limit of its capacity 
for education. 
Sifting out the truth as well as we can, it appears that there 
are at least two species of chimpanzee, — the ‘‘common”’ one 
and the bald one. The former and more familiar one is the 
larger, and has a coat of straight, silky, brownish black hair, 
which falls smoothly away from a parting in the middle of the 
head and forms bushy whiskers. The face, great outstanding 
ears, hands, and feet are naked, much wrinkled, and dull flesh- 
color, growing darkly reddish with age. The latter species 
has hair of deeper black, but the growth ceases above the ears, 
leaving the whole crown of the head bald, and this hairless 
skin, with that of the face and ears, fingers and toes, is deep 
black; the ears are even broader and flatter than in the other 
species, and the features noticeably different. A variety of 
this bald ape is represented by Du Chaillu’s® “koola-kamba,” 
and by the female Johanna, which was bought from the 
Lisbon “Zoo” by the Barnum-Bailey Circus Company, when 
two years old, and was exhibited in the United States and in 
Europe from 1894 to 1897, but died in Nuremberg in 1900 
when approaching seven years of age. Sally, of which 
more is to be said presently, endured the northern climate 
longest, living in the London Zodlogical Gardens eight years 
(1883-1891). Then there was brought to the Zodlogical Gar- 
den at Dresden, Germany, in 1875, a young female ape which 
was most interesting and puzzling to naturalists by its combina- 
tion of the characteristics of both chimpanzee and _ gorilla. 
It was named Mafuka, and proved a wild, unmanageable 
creature, which was carefully described and pictured by Hart- 
mann,’ whose book on the anthropoid apes is the most com- 
prehensive account of them we have. The general opinion is 
that Mafuka was a mongrel between a chimpanzee and a male 
gorilla. Koppenfels says other examples are known. 
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