THE LIFE OF MAMMALS 
this bulla is small and flattened. The teeth have a general 
resemblance to those of dogs, but the broad, flat-crowned molars 
are more adapted to grinding than to cutting, and the flesh 
teeth are more massive and blunt. Other family peculiarities 
are the extreme shortness of the tail, the coarse hair, and the 
likeness in color and aspect, so that their classification is still 
in dispute. 
European zodlogists regard all brown bears of both continents as a 
single species with numerous local varieties; while American systemists 
Classifica. OW divide those of America into seven species, besides half 
tion. a dozen black species. For our purpose the list may stand 
as follows : — 
1. Polar or Ice Bear: long-bodied (about nine feet), long-necked, yel- 
lowish or white the year through; arctic regions. 
2. The Brown Bears (including Alaskan brown bears): largest and heavi- 
est of the tribe, yellowish or grizzled to dark brown or dull purple; Europe, 
northern Asia (except Japan, — see No. 5), and Alaska. 
3. The Grizslies (including the ‘“‘Barren Grounds” but not the ‘‘Cin- 
namon”’ varieties, since the latter is simply a reddish phase of either a 
grizzly or an American black bear): large, massive, broad-headed, more 
or less hoary; western United States and northwestern Canada. 
4. American Black Bears: smaller, head more pointed, flat profile; 
sooty black to red brown, snout yellowish; hind feet smaller than fore feet; 
North America generally. 
5. «lstan Black Bears: like No. 4, but breast marked with a light- 
colored inverted chevron; fur (as in No. 4) comparatively thin, glossy, and 
without dense underfur; Himalayan region, Japan. 
6. Glacier Bear: see page 220. 
7. Sun Bear: see page 220. 
All the foregoing are of the genus Ursus; dental formula: i. 3; c. 4; 
p. #; m. $; but several or all premolars may be small, and shed before 
maturity. 
8. Sloth Bear: small (about five feet), head pointed, lips long and 
mobile; tongue very long and protrusile; claws white, very long; fur 
coarse, long, especially on shoulders, blackish gray on muzzle, and whitish 
in a crescent on the breast; all India and Ceylon. 
g. Andean Spectacled Bear: see page 211. 
10. Tibetan Party-colored Bear: see page 221. 
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