THE LIFE OF MAMMALS 
white (with black or reddish ears and muzzles) by weeding out the dark- 
colored calves which occasionally appear; but do not represent the original 
aurochs as well as do the Welsh breed preserved in Pembroke since pre- 
historic days. It is on record that anciently the Pembroke cattle were 
prevailingly black, but now most of them are yellowish, with the muzzle, 
inside of the ears, and often the fetlocks black. These park cattle are all 
of moderate size, elegantly shaped, with soft hair, white, black-tipped horns 
of moderate length, and many wild traits. From such stock have arisen 
all the domestic cattle of Christendom. 
In India and the farther East there live four species of wild 
oxen nearly related to the aurochs — heavy animals with mas- 
sive, upcurved horns, rather flattened in front, and 
twenty to thirty inches long, a ridgelike spine, and 
a very short tail. The bulls are brownish black, the cows and 
young paler, and both sexes have white ‘“‘stockings.”? The hair 
is soft, fine, and glossy. The 
gaur is the finest of the three, 
a big bull standing six feet 
high, but the cows are smaller. 
It inhabits all the hill jungles 
of India, Burma, and the 
Malayan Peninsula; is known 
to the Malays as ‘‘sladang”’; 
and is one of the foremost 
game animals of the East, 
and the books of nearly every 
A GAUR BULL. sportsman-author in that part 
of the world recount exciting and perilous encounters with it, 
and usually, also, miscall it “bison.” The biographies by San- 
derson and by Pollok ** are perhaps the most satisfactory. 
Gaur. 
Reports of this animal’s behavior toward the hunter show a great 
variety of temperament and action. Some sportsmen pronounce gaurs 
extremely dangerous to meet in the jungle, —others not at all so. The 
difference of view and experience is shown in accounts given me by two 
personal friends, —Casper Whitney and William T. Hornaday. The 
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